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Great Personalities of India – CBSE NCERT Study Resources

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Great Personalities of India

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5th

5th - Social Studies (SST)

Great Personalities of India

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Great Personalities of India

Overview

This chapter introduces students to some of the most influential personalities in Indian history who have contributed significantly to the nation's freedom struggle, social reforms, science, and culture. These great leaders and thinkers have shaped India's identity and continue to inspire generations.

A great personality is someone who has made outstanding contributions to society through their actions, ideas, or leadership.

Mahatma Gandhi

Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, also known as Mahatma Gandhi, was the leader of India's non-violent independence movement against British rule. He promoted the principles of truth (Satya) and non-violence (Ahimsa). His famous movements include the Salt March and Quit India Movement.

Jawaharlal Nehru

Jawaharlal Nehru was India's first Prime Minister after independence. He played a crucial role in shaping modern India and was fondly called 'Chacha Nehru' by children. His birthday on November 14 is celebrated as Children's Day in India.

Indira Gandhi

Indira Gandhi was India's first female Prime Minister. She played a significant role in the Green Revolution that made India self-sufficient in food production. She also led India during the 1971 war with Pakistan.

Dr. B.R. Ambedkar

Dr. Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar was the chief architect of the Indian Constitution. He fought against social discrimination and worked for the rights of Dalits and other marginalized communities. He is also known as Babasaheb Ambedkar.

Sarojini Naidu

Sarojini Naidu was a famous poet and freedom fighter known as the 'Nightingale of India'. She was the first Indian woman to become the President of the Indian National Congress and later became the Governor of Uttar Pradesh.

Rabindranath Tagore

Rabindranath Tagore was a Nobel Prize-winning poet who composed India's national anthem 'Jana Gana Mana'. He founded Shantiniketan, an institution that promoted education in harmony with nature.

Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam

Dr. Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam, known as the 'Missile Man of India', played a key role in India's space and missile programs. He later became India's 11th President and was beloved as the 'People's President'.

Conclusion

These great personalities of India came from different fields but shared a common goal of serving the nation. Their contributions have left a lasting impact on India's history and continue to inspire us to work for the betterment of our country.

All Question Types with Solutions – CBSE Exam Pattern

Explore a complete set of CBSE-style questions with detailed solutions, categorized by marks and question types. Ideal for exam preparation, revision and practice.

Very Short Answer (1 Mark) – with Solutions (CBSE Pattern)

These are 1-mark questions requiring direct, concise answers. Ideal for quick recall and concept clarity.

Question 1:
Name the leader who started the Quit India Movement in 1942.
Answer:

Mahatma Gandhi started the Quit India Movement in 1942 to demand an end to British rule in India.

Question 2:
Which Indian personality is also called Netaji?
Answer:

Subhas Chandra Bose is called Netaji. He was a freedom fighter who formed the Indian National Army (INA).

Question 3:
Who was the first woman Prime Minister of India?
Answer:

Indira Gandhi was the first woman Prime Minister of India. She served from 1966 to 1977 and again from 1980 to 1984.

Question 4:
Name the great Indian leader who believed in Ahimsa (non-violence).
Answer:

Mahatma Gandhi believed in Ahimsa (non-violence) and used it as a powerful tool in India's freedom struggle.

Question 5:
Who founded the Bharat Sevak Samaj to promote social service?
Answer:

Gopal Krishna Gokhale founded the Bharat Sevak Samaj to encourage social service and education.

Question 6:
Which Indian leader is known as the Iron Man of India?
Answer:

Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel is known as the Iron Man of India for his role in unifying India after independence.

Question 7:
Who was the first President of independent India?
Answer:

Dr. Rajendra Prasad was the first President of independent India. He served from 1950 to 1962.

Question 8:
Name the Indian scientist who won the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1930.
Answer:

Sir C.V. Raman won the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1930 for his discovery of the Raman Effect.

Question 9:
Who was the first Indian woman to go to space?
Answer:

Kalpana Chawla was the first Indian-born woman to go to space. She was an astronaut with NASA.

Question 10:
Which Indian leader is famous for the slogan Jai Jawan, Jai Kisan?
Answer:

Lal Bahadur Shastri gave the famous slogan Jai Jawan, Jai Kisan to honor soldiers and farmers.

Question 11:
Who was the first Indian to win an Olympic individual gold medal?
Answer:

Abhinav Bindra was the first Indian to win an individual Olympic gold medal in shooting (2008 Beijing Olympics).

Very Short Answer (2 Marks) – with Solutions (CBSE Pattern)

These 2-mark questions test key concepts in a brief format. Answers are expected to be accurate and slightly descriptive.

Question 1:
Who is known as the Father of the Indian Constitution?
Answer:

Dr. B.R. Ambedkar is known as the Father of the Indian Constitution. He played a key role in drafting the Constitution of India and fought for the rights of marginalized communities.

Question 2:
Name the great leader who started the Dandi March and why?
Answer:

Mahatma Gandhi started the Dandi March in 1930 to protest against the British salt tax. It was a peaceful way to challenge British rule and inspire Indians to make their own salt.

Question 3:
Which Indian personality is called the Missile Man of India and why?
Answer:

Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam is called the Missile Man of India because he contributed greatly to India's missile and space programs, including the development of the Agni and Prithvi missiles.

Question 4:
What was Rani Lakshmibai of Jhansi famous for?
Answer:

Rani Lakshmibai was famous for her bravery in the 1857 Revolt against the British. She fought fearlessly for India's freedom and became a symbol of courage.

Question 5:
Name the first woman Prime Minister of India and her contribution.
Answer:

Indira Gandhi was the first woman Prime Minister of India. She contributed to India's growth by leading during the Green Revolution and the 1971 War, which led to the creation of Bangladesh.

Question 6:
Who founded the Ramakrishna Mission and what was its purpose?
Answer:

Swami Vivekananda founded the Ramakrishna Mission to spread spiritual knowledge and help people through education and social service. It promotes peace and harmony.

Question 7:
Which great personality is associated with the slogan Jai Jawan, Jai Kisan?
Answer:

Lal Bahadur Shastri gave the slogan Jai Jawan, Jai Kisan to honor soldiers and farmers. He emphasized their importance in India's progress.

Question 8:
What was Rabindranath Tagore's contribution to Indian culture?
Answer:

Rabindranath Tagore composed India's national anthem, Jana Gana Mana, and wrote poems, stories, and songs. He also founded Shantiniketan, a school promoting art and nature-based learning.

Question 9:
Name the leader who started the Salt Satyagraha and why it was important.
Answer:

Mahatma Gandhi started the Salt Satyagraha in 1930 to protest against the British salt tax. It was important because it united Indians in the freedom struggle and showed the power of non-violent protest.

Question 10:
What was Rani Lakshmibai of Jhansi famous for?
Answer:

Rani Lakshmibai was famous for her bravery in the 1857 Revolt against the British. She fought fearlessly to protect her kingdom and became a symbol of resistance for Indian freedom fighters.

Question 11:
Which great personality is called the Missile Man of India and why?
Answer:

Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam is called the Missile Man of India because he contributed significantly to India's missile and space programs, including the development of the Agni and Prithvi missiles.

Question 12:
What role did Sarojini Naidu play in India's freedom struggle?
Answer:

Sarojini Naidu, also known as the Nightingale of India, was a poet and freedom fighter. She joined the Non-Cooperation Movement and became the first woman president of the Indian National Congress.

Question 13:
Name the social reformer who worked to abolish child marriage and sati in India.
Answer:

Raja Ram Mohan Roy worked to abolish child marriage and sati. He founded the Brahmo Samaj to promote social reforms and women's rights.

Question 14:
Why is Bhagat Singh remembered as a hero in Indian history?
Answer:

Bhagat Singh is remembered as a hero for his fearless fight against British rule. He sacrificed his life at a young age for India's independence and inspired many with his courage.

Question 15:
What was Swami Vivekananda's contribution to India's cultural identity?
Answer:

Swami Vivekananda introduced Indian philosophy and spirituality to the world through his speech at the 1893 Parliament of Religions in Chicago. He emphasized unity, education, and self-confidence.

Short Answer (3 Marks) – with Solutions (CBSE Pattern)

These 3-mark questions require brief explanations and help assess understanding and application of concepts.

Question 1:
Who was Mahatma Gandhi and why is he called the Father of the Nation?
Answer:

Mahatma Gandhi was a great leader who fought for India's independence using non-violence and truth. He is called the Father of the Nation because he inspired millions to join the freedom struggle. His ideas like Satyagraha and Ahimsa became powerful tools against British rule.

Question 2:
Describe the role of Rani Lakshmibai in the 1857 Revolt.
Answer:

Rani Lakshmibai, the Queen of Jhansi, bravely fought against the British in the 1857 Revolt. She refused to surrender her kingdom and led her army fearlessly. Her courage made her a symbol of resistance and patriotism in Indian history.

Question 3:
How did Dr. B.R. Ambedkar contribute to the Indian Constitution?
Answer:

Dr. B.R. Ambedkar was the chairman of the drafting committee of the Indian Constitution. He worked hard to ensure equality and justice for all, especially for the oppressed. His efforts helped shape India as a democratic and inclusive nation.

Question 4:
What were the key teachings of Swami Vivekananda?
Answer:

Swami Vivekananda taught the importance of self-confidence, unity, and service to humanity. He believed in the strength of youth and encouraged education for all. His famous speech at the World's Parliament of Religions in 1893 made India proud.

Question 5:
Why is Jawaharlal Nehru called the Architect of Modern India?
Answer:

Jawaharlal Nehru is called the Architect of Modern India because he laid the foundation for India's progress in science, education, and industry. As the first Prime Minister, he established institutions like IITs and promoted democratic values.

Question 6:
Explain the significance of Subhash Chandra Bose's slogan 'Give me blood, and I shall give you freedom'.
Answer:

Subhash Chandra Bose's slogan 'Give me blood, and I shall give you freedom' inspired Indians to sacrifice everything for independence. He formed the Indian National Army (INA) to fight the British. His fearless attitude made him a hero in the freedom struggle.

Question 7:
Describe the contributions of Dr. B.R. Ambedkar to India.
Answer:

Dr. B.R. Ambedkar was a social reformer and the chief architect of the Indian Constitution. He fought against untouchability and worked for the rights of Dalits and other marginalized communities. His efforts led to laws promoting equality and justice for all Indians.

Question 8:
How did Rani Lakshmibai contribute to India's freedom struggle?
Answer:

Rani Lakshmibai, the Queen of Jhansi, bravely fought against the British during the 1857 Revolt. She became a symbol of courage and resistance for her leadership in the battle. Her famous quote, "I will not give my Jhansi", reflects her determination to protect her kingdom.

Question 9:
What role did Subhash Chandra Bose play in India's independence movement?
Answer:

Subhash Chandra Bose, also known as Netaji, formed the Indian National Army (INA) to fight against British rule. His famous slogan, "Give me blood, and I will give you freedom", motivated many Indians to join the freedom struggle. He sought help from other countries to free India.

Question 10:
Explain the significance of Sarojini Naidu in Indian history.
Answer:

Sarojini Naidu, known as the Nightingale of India, was a poet and freedom fighter. She was the first Indian woman to become the President of the Indian National Congress and later the Governor of Uttar Pradesh. Her speeches and writings inspired many to join the independence movement.

Question 11:
Why is Bhagat Singh remembered as a revolutionary hero?
Answer:

Bhagat Singh was a young revolutionary who sacrificed his life for India's freedom. He protested against British laws like the Simon Commission and was hanged at a young age. His bravery and slogan "Inquilab Zindabad" (Long Live the Revolution) made him a symbol of youth power.

Question 12:
Explain the significance of Swami Vivekananda's speech at the World's Parliament of Religions.
Answer:

Swami Vivekananda delivered a famous speech in Chicago in 1893, introducing Hinduism and Indian philosophy to the world. His message of tolerance, unity, and universal brotherhood earned global respect for India. He emphasized the importance of spiritual growth alongside material progress.

Question 13:
What were the key teachings of Guru Nanak Dev Ji?
Answer:

Guru Nanak Dev Ji, the founder of Sikhism, taught:

  • Equality of all humans, regardless of caste or gender.
  • Honest living and sharing with others (Kirat Karo, Vand Chhako).
  • Devotion to one God and remembering Him always (Naam Japo).
His teachings promote peace and harmony.

Question 14:
How did Sarojini Naidu contribute to India's freedom struggle?
Answer:

Sarojini Naidu, known as the Nightingale of India, was a poet and freedom fighter. She joined Mahatma Gandhi in the Non-Cooperation Movement and became the first woman president of the Indian National Congress. Her speeches and writings motivated many to fight for independence.

Long Answer (5 Marks) – with Solutions (CBSE Pattern)

These 5-mark questions are descriptive and require detailed, structured answers with proper explanation and examples.

Question 1:
Describe the contributions of Mahatma Gandhi to India's freedom struggle and how his principles of non-violence and truth inspired people.
Answer:

Mahatma Gandhi, also known as the Father of the Nation, played a pivotal role in India's freedom struggle through his unique methods of non-violence (Ahimsa) and truth (Satya). His contributions include:

  • Non-Cooperation Movement (1920): Gandhi urged Indians to boycott British goods, schools, and courts, promoting self-reliance (Swadeshi).
  • Salt March (1930): He led a 240-mile march to protest the British salt tax, symbolizing defiance against unjust laws.
  • Quit India Movement (1942): Gandhi's call for 'Do or Die' united Indians to demand immediate independence.

His principles inspired millions to join the freedom struggle peacefully, proving that moral strength could defeat colonial rule. Gandhi also emphasized Harijan welfare and rural upliftment, showing his commitment to social justice.

Question 2:
Explain how Dr. B.R. Ambedkar fought for the rights of marginalized communities and his role in drafting the Indian Constitution.
Answer:

Dr. B.R. Ambedkar, a champion of social justice, dedicated his life to uplifting marginalized communities, particularly the Dalits. His efforts include:

  • Social Reforms: He founded the Bahishkrit Hitakarini Sabha to advocate for Dalit education and rights, challenging caste discrimination.
  • Political Representation: Ambedkar demanded separate electorates for Dalits under the Poona Pact (1932), ensuring their voice in governance.
  • Indian Constitution: As the Chairman of the Drafting Committee, he ensured equality by including:
    - Fundamental Rights (Article 14-18) banning discrimination.
    - Reservations (Article 15-16) for oppressed classes.
    - Directive Principles promoting social welfare.

His vision made India a democratic and inclusive nation, earning him the title 'Architect of the Constitution'.

Question 3:
Explain the contributions of Mahatma Gandhi to India's freedom struggle. How did his principles of non-violence and truth inspire people?
Answer:

Mahatma Gandhi, also known as the Father of the Nation, played a pivotal role in India's freedom struggle. His contributions include:

  • Leading movements like the Non-Cooperation Movement, Civil Disobedience Movement, and Quit India Movement to challenge British rule.
  • Promoting Ahimsa (non-violence) and Satyagraha (truth force) as tools for peaceful protest.
  • Encouraging Indians to boycott British goods and adopt Swadeshi products to weaken the British economy.
  • Fighting against social evils like untouchability and promoting unity among all religions.

Gandhi's principles inspired millions to join the freedom struggle without violence. His simple lifestyle and emphasis on truth made him a role model for leaders worldwide. His teachings continue to influence movements for justice and equality globally.

Question 4:
Describe the life and achievements of Dr. B.R. Ambedkar. How did he work towards social equality in India?
Answer:

Dr. B.R. Ambedkar, also known as the Architect of the Indian Constitution, dedicated his life to fighting for social justice and equality. His key achievements include:

  • Leading the Dalit movement to end caste discrimination and untouchability.
  • Playing a major role in drafting the Indian Constitution, ensuring rights for all citizens, especially marginalized communities.
  • Establishing the Reservation System to provide opportunities for Scheduled Castes and Tribes in education and jobs.
  • Founding the Bahishkrit Hitakarini Sabha to uplift the oppressed through education and awareness.

Dr. Ambedkar's relentless efforts helped shape modern India as a democratic and inclusive nation. His teachings on equality and human rights remain relevant today.

Question 5:
Describe the contributions of Mahatma Gandhi to India's freedom struggle. How did his principles of non-violence and truth inspire people?
Answer:

Mahatma Gandhi, also known as the Father of the Nation, played a pivotal role in India's freedom struggle. His contributions include:

  • Leading movements like the Non-Cooperation Movement, Civil Disobedience Movement, and Quit India Movement to challenge British rule.
  • Promoting non-violence (Ahimsa) and truth (Satyagraha) as powerful tools for protest.
  • Encouraging Indians to boycott British goods and adopt Swadeshi products to weaken the British economy.
  • Fighting against social evils like untouchability and promoting equality.

Gandhi's principles inspired millions to join the freedom struggle peacefully. His simple lifestyle and emphasis on self-reliance motivated people to unite for a common cause. His teachings remain relevant even today, promoting peace and justice worldwide.

Question 6:
Explain the role of Rani Lakshmibai in the 1857 Revolt. Why is she remembered as a symbol of bravery in Indian history?
Answer:

Rani Lakshmibai, the Queen of Jhansi, was one of the key leaders of the 1857 Revolt against British rule. Her contributions include:

  • Leading her army fearlessly to protect Jhansi from British forces.
  • Fighting bravely despite being outnumbered, showing exceptional courage and strategic skills.
  • Inspiring other Indians to resist British oppression through her unwavering determination.

She is remembered as a symbol of bravery because she refused to surrender and sacrificed her life for India's freedom. Her famous quote, 'I will not give my Jhansi', reflects her indomitable spirit. Rani Lakshmibai's legacy continues to inspire women and youth to stand up for justice and freedom.

Question 7:
Describe the contributions of Mahatma Gandhi to India's freedom struggle. How did his principles of Ahimsa and Satyagraha inspire people?
Answer:

Mahatma Gandhi, also known as the Father of the Nation, played a pivotal role in India's freedom struggle. His contributions include:

  • Leading movements like the Non-Cooperation Movement, Civil Disobedience Movement, and Quit India Movement to challenge British rule.
  • Promoting Ahimsa (non-violence) and Satyagraha (truth force) as powerful tools for peaceful protest.
  • Encouraging Indians to boycott British goods and adopt Swadeshi products to weaken the British economy.
  • Fighting against social evils like untouchability and promoting unity among all communities.

Gandhi's principles inspired millions to join the freedom struggle without violence. His simple lifestyle and emphasis on truth made him a beloved leader. His methods were later adopted by global figures like Martin Luther King Jr. and Nelson Mandela.

Question 8:
Explain the role of Dr. B.R. Ambedkar in shaping modern India. How did he work towards social equality and justice?
Answer:

Dr. B.R. Ambedkar, a key architect of the Indian Constitution, dedicated his life to social equality and justice. His contributions include:

  • Drafting the Indian Constitution to ensure rights like equality, freedom, and justice for all citizens.
  • Fighting against caste discrimination and advocating for the rights of Dalits and marginalized communities.
  • Establishing the Reservation System to provide opportunities for oppressed groups in education and employment.
  • Promoting education as a tool for empowerment, especially for lower castes.

Dr. Ambedkar's efforts laid the foundation for a fair and inclusive India. His teachings continue to inspire movements for social justice worldwide. He is also remembered for his famous quote, 'Educate, Agitate, Organize', urging people to fight for their rights.

Case-based Questions (4 Marks) – with Solutions (CBSE Pattern)

These 4-mark case-based questions assess analytical skills through real-life scenarios. Answers must be based on the case study provided.

Question 1:
Rani Lakshmibai of Jhansi is remembered as one of the bravest leaders of the 1857 Revolt. Describe her contributions to India's freedom struggle and explain why she is called the 'Warrior Queen'.
Answer:

Rani Lakshmibai was the queen of Jhansi and played a crucial role in the 1857 Revolt against British rule. She is called the 'Warrior Queen' because she fearlessly led her army into battle, even fighting on horseback with her son tied to her back.

Her contributions include:

  • Defending Jhansi when the British tried to annex it under the Doctrine of Lapse.
  • Inspiring thousands of Indians to join the freedom struggle with her bravery.
  • Fighting till her last breath in the battle of Gwalior, becoming a symbol of resistance.

Her courage and leadership made her a legendary figure in Indian history.

Question 2:
Mahatma Gandhi introduced the concept of Non-Violence (Ahimsa) and Civil Disobedience in India's freedom struggle. Explain how these principles helped India achieve independence with examples.
Answer:

Mahatma Gandhi's principles of Non-Violence (Ahimsa) and Civil Disobedience were powerful tools in India's freedom struggle. These ideas united people peacefully against British rule.

Examples:

  • Salt March (1930): Gandhi led a 240-mile march to make salt, breaking the British salt law. This showed how Civil Disobedience could challenge unfair laws.
  • Non-Cooperation Movement (1920): Indians boycotted British goods, schools, and courts, weakening British control without violence.

These methods gained global support and proved that peaceful resistance could bring change, leading to India's independence in 1947.

Question 3:
Dr. B.R. Ambedkar is known as the 'Father of the Indian Constitution'. Describe his role in shaping India's democracy and his efforts for social equality.
Answer:

Dr. B.R. Ambedkar was a visionary leader who fought for social justice and democracy. As the chairman of the Drafting Committee, he played a key role in writing India's Constitution.

His contributions include:

  • Ensuring fundamental rights like equality, freedom, and justice for all citizens.
  • Working to end untouchability and caste discrimination through laws and education.
  • Promoting reservations for marginalized communities to give them equal opportunities.

His efforts helped build a fair and inclusive India where every citizen has equal rights.

Question 4:
Rani Lakshmibai of Jhansi is remembered for her bravery during the Revolt of 1857. Imagine you are a historian. Write a short case study on how her leadership inspired people to fight for freedom.
Answer:

Rani Lakshmibai, the Queen of Jhansi, became a symbol of courage during the Revolt of 1857. She led her army fearlessly against the British, even after the death of her husband. Her famous words, 'I will not give my Jhansi', motivated many to join the fight for freedom.

Her leadership was unique because:

  • She trained women in warfare, breaking societal norms.
  • She fought on horseback with her son tied to her back, showing her dedication.
  • Her bravery inspired future freedom fighters like Subhash Chandra Bose.

Historians consider her a key figure in India's struggle for independence because she proved that even women could lead rebellions against colonial rule.

Question 5:
Mahatma Gandhi's Dandi March was a turning point in India's freedom struggle. Explain how this event became a powerful tool of peaceful protest against the British.
Answer:

The Dandi March, led by Mahatma Gandhi in 1930, was a peaceful protest against the British salt tax. Gandhi walked 240 miles with followers to make salt from seawater, breaking the unjust law.

This event was powerful because:

  • It showed the strength of non-violence (Ahimsa) as a protest method.
  • It united people from all backgrounds—farmers, workers, and students—in a common cause.
  • The British were embarrassed globally when Gandhi’s peaceful march gained worldwide attention.

The success of the Dandi March proved that peaceful resistance could challenge British rule effectively, inspiring future movements like the Quit India Movement.

Question 6:
Dr. B.R. Ambedkar played a crucial role in drafting the Indian Constitution. Describe how his efforts helped in promoting equality and justice for all citizens.
Answer:

Dr. B.R. Ambedkar, the chairman of the Constitution Drafting Committee, worked tirelessly to ensure equality for all Indians. His personal struggles against caste discrimination shaped his vision for a fair society.

Key contributions include:

  • Introducing Fundamental Rights to protect citizens from discrimination.
  • Reserving seats in education and jobs for marginalized communities (like Scheduled Castes and Tribes).
  • Promoting gender equality by ensuring women’s rights in the Constitution.

His efforts laid the foundation for modern India, where every citizen, regardless of caste or religion, has equal opportunities. Today, he is remembered as the 'Father of the Indian Constitution'.

Question 7:
Rani Lakshmibai of Jhansi is remembered as one of the bravest leaders during the 1857 revolt. Describe her contributions to India's freedom struggle and why she is called the 'Warrior Queen'.
Answer:

Rani Lakshmibai, the Queen of Jhansi, played a crucial role in India's First War of Independence (1857). She bravely fought against the British to protect her kingdom and inspire others to join the freedom struggle.

  • She refused to accept the British Doctrine of Lapse, which aimed to annex Jhansi.
  • She led her army fearlessly in battles, even dressing as a man to motivate her soldiers.
  • Her famous quote, 'I will not give my Jhansi', shows her determination.

She is called the 'Warrior Queen' because of her courage, leadership, and sacrifice for India's freedom. Her legacy continues to inspire generations.

Question 8:
Mahatma Gandhi's Dandi March was a turning point in India's freedom struggle. Explain the significance of this event and how it influenced the masses.
Answer:

The Dandi March, led by Mahatma Gandhi in 1930, was a peaceful protest against the British salt tax. It was a key part of the Civil Disobedience Movement.

  • Gandhi walked 240 miles from Sabarmati Ashram to Dandi to make salt, breaking the British law.
  • This act showed the power of non-violence and united Indians from all backgrounds.
  • It encouraged people to boycott British goods and join the freedom struggle.

The march proved that peaceful protests could challenge British rule, making it a major milestone in India's independence movement.

Question 9:
Dr. B.R. Ambedkar is known as the 'Father of the Indian Constitution'. Describe his role in shaping India's democracy and his efforts for social equality.
Answer:

Dr. B.R. Ambedkar was a visionary leader who fought for social justice and equality. As the chairman of the Drafting Committee, he played a key role in creating India's Constitution.

  • He ensured the Constitution included rights for all, especially marginalized communities like Dalits.
  • He promoted education and equal opportunities to end caste discrimination.
  • His famous quote, 'Educate, Agitate, Organize', inspired millions to fight for their rights.

His work laid the foundation for a fair and democratic India, earning him the title 'Father of the Indian Constitution'.

Question 10:
Rani Lakshmibai of Jhansi is remembered as one of the bravest leaders during the 1857 revolt. Imagine you are a historian studying her life. Write a short note on her contributions to India's freedom struggle, highlighting her leadership qualities.
Answer:

Rani Lakshmibai, the Queen of Jhansi, played a crucial role in the First War of Indian Independence (1857). She is celebrated for her courage and strategic leadership.

  • She bravely fought against the British to protect her kingdom after the Doctrine of Lapse was imposed.
  • She inspired many with her famous quote, 'I will not give my Jhansi', showing her determination.
  • Her leadership in battles like the defense of Jhansi and Gwalior made her a symbol of resistance.

Her sacrifice teaches us the value of fearlessness and love for one's country.

Question 11:
Mahatma Gandhi's 'Dandi March' was a turning point in India's freedom struggle. Explain why this event was significant and how it influenced the common people to join the movement.
Answer:

The Dandi March, led by Mahatma Gandhi in 1930, was a peaceful protest against the British salt tax. It was significant because:

  • It showed the power of non-violence (Ahimsa) and civil disobedience.
  • Gandhi and his followers walked 240 miles to make salt from seawater, breaking the unjust British law.
  • This simple act inspired millions of Indians to join the freedom struggle, proving that even small actions can bring big change.

The march united people from all backgrounds, teaching us the importance of unity and peaceful protest.

Question 12:
Dr. B.R. Ambedkar worked tirelessly for the rights of marginalized communities. Describe his role in drafting the Indian Constitution and how it helped in creating a fair society.
Answer:

Dr. B.R. Ambedkar, known as the Father of the Indian Constitution, played a key role in shaping modern India.

  • As the chairman of the Drafting Committee, he ensured the Constitution included equality and justice for all.
  • He fought against untouchability and worked for the rights of Dalits and other oppressed groups.
  • The Constitution's Fundamental Rights and Directive Principles reflect his vision of a fair society.

His teachings remind us to respect diversity and stand against discrimination.

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