The Non-Cooperation Movement, launched by Mahatma Gandhi in 1920, was a major turning point in India's freedom struggle. It aimed to resist British rule through peaceful means by refusing to cooperate with the British government.

Significance:

• It united people from different regions, religions, and social backgrounds under a common goal of Swaraj (self-rule).
• Indians boycotted British goods, schools, courts, and titles, weakening the British economy and administration.
• It popularized the use of Khadi (homespun cloth) to promote self-reliance and boycott foreign goods.

The movement inspired millions, including farmers, students, and women, to join the struggle. Though it was called off after the Chauri Chaura incident, it laid the foundation for future mass movements like the Civil Disobedience Movement.

Subhash Chandra Bose, also known as Netaji, was a revolutionary leader who played a crucial role in India's fight for independence. Unlike leaders like Gandhi who believed in non-violence, Bose advocated for a more aggressive approach.

Key Contributions:

• He formed the Indian National Army (INA) with the help of Japan to fight against British rule.
• His famous slogan, 'Give me blood, and I shall give you freedom', motivated many to join the struggle.
• He sought international support for India's independence, including from Germany and Japan during World War II.

Bose's fearless leadership and determination made him a symbol of resistance. Though his methods were different, his goal of freeing India remained the same as other leaders.

Mahatma Gandhi, also known as the Father of the Nation, played a pivotal role in India's freedom struggle. He introduced the principles of non-violence (Ahimsa) and civil disobedience to fight against British rule. His methods were unique because they focused on peaceful protests, such as the Dandi March (1930) where he made salt to oppose the British salt tax, and the Quit India Movement (1942), which demanded an end to British rule.

Gandhi's ideas inspired millions of Indians to join the freedom movement without using violence. He believed in Satyagraha (truth force), where people stood firm for their rights through peaceful resistance. His leadership united people from different religions, castes, and regions, making the freedom struggle a mass movement.

Additionally, Gandhi promoted Swadeshi, encouraging Indians to use locally made goods instead of British products. This weakened the British economy in India. His simple lifestyle and dedication to truth and justice made him a beloved leader, and his teachings continue to inspire people worldwide.

The Jallianwala Bagh Massacre, which occurred on April 13, 1919, in Amritsar, was a turning point in India's freedom struggle. British troops, led by General Reginald Dyer, fired on a peaceful crowd gathered in Jallianwala Bagh to protest against oppressive British laws. Hundreds of innocent men, women, and children were killed, and thousands were injured.

This brutal event shocked the entire nation and made Indians realize the cruelty of British rule. It exposed the British government's harsh policies and lack of respect for Indian lives. The massacre deepened anger and resentment among Indians, leading to stronger demands for independence.

After this incident, many leaders, including Mahatma Gandhi, intensified their efforts to fight for freedom. The massacre united people across India and strengthened the Non-Cooperation Movement (1920-1922), where Indians boycotted British goods, schools, and courts. The Jallianwala Bagh tragedy remains a symbol of British oppression and is remembered as a key moment that fueled the fight for India's independence.

The Non-Cooperation Movement, launched by Mahatma Gandhi in 1920, was a major turning point in India's freedom struggle. It encouraged Indians to peacefully resist British rule by refusing to cooperate with the government. Here’s why it was significant:

• Mass Participation: For the first time, common people, including farmers, students, and women, joined the movement, making it a nationwide protest.
• Boycott of British Institutions: Indians stopped attending government schools, courts, and services, weakening British control.
• Promotion of Swadeshi: People began using Indian-made goods instead of British products, boosting local industries.
• Unity Among Indians: Hindus and Muslims united under the movement, showing solidarity against British rule.

The movement inspired people by proving that peaceful resistance could challenge British authority. Though it was called off in 1922 after the Chauri Chaura incident, it laid the foundation for future struggles like the Civil Disobedience Movement.

Subhash Chandra Bose, also known as Netaji, was a fearless leader who played a crucial role in India's fight for freedom. Unlike leaders like Gandhi who believed in non-violence, Bose advocated for a more aggressive approach.

• Formation of the INA: He established the Indian National Army (INA) with the help of Japan to fight against British forces.
• Slogan 'Give Me Blood, I Will Give You Freedom': His powerful words motivated thousands to join the struggle.
• International Support: Bose sought help from countries like Germany and Japan to free India from British rule.

His approach differed because he believed that only armed resistance could force the British to leave India. Though his methods were controversial, his bravery and dedication inspired many. His famous quote, 'Jai Hind', became a rallying cry for freedom fighters.

Bhagat Singh was a revolutionary hero who fought fearlessly against British rule. His role in the freedom struggle was unique because he believed in bold actions to awaken the nation. Here’s how he contributed:

• Revolutionary Activities: Along with his comrades, he protested against British laws, such as the Simon Commission, and even threw harmless bombs in the Central Legislative Assembly to make his voice heard.
• Sacrifice: He willingly accepted punishment and was hanged at a young age, becoming a symbol of courage and patriotism.

Bhagat Singh’s bravery inspired countless young Indians to join the freedom movement. His famous slogan, "Inquilab Zindabad" (Long Live the Revolution), motivated people to fight for justice and independence. Even today, he is remembered as a fearless martyr who dedicated his life to India’s freedom.

Mahatma Gandhi, also known as the Father of the Nation, played a pivotal role in India's freedom struggle. He introduced the principles of non-violence (Ahimsa) and civil disobedience to fight against British rule. His methods were unique because they focused on peaceful protests, such as the Dandi March (1930) where he made salt to oppose the British salt tax, and the Quit India Movement (1942), which demanded an end to British rule.

Gandhi's ideas inspired millions of Indians to join the freedom movement without using violence. He believed in Satyagraha (truth force), which taught people to resist injustice peacefully. His leadership united people across religions, castes, and regions, making the struggle stronger. For example, he worked closely with other leaders like Jawaharlal Nehru and Sardar Patel to organize protests and boycotts.

Gandhi's influence extended beyond India; his methods inspired global movements for civil rights and freedom, such as Martin Luther King Jr.'s fight for equality in the USA. His legacy teaches us the power of truth, peace, and unity in achieving justice.

The Jallianwala Bagh Massacre, which occurred on April 13, 1919, in Amritsar, was a turning point in India's freedom struggle. British troops, led by General Reginald Dyer, fired on a peaceful crowd of unarmed Indians who had gathered to protest against oppressive laws like the Rowlatt Act. Hundreds were killed, and thousands were injured.

This brutal event shocked the nation and exposed the cruelty of British rule. Before the massacre, some Indians still believed in British fairness, but afterward, trust was completely broken. Leaders like Mahatma Gandhi and Rabindranath Tagore condemned the act, and Tagore even gave up his British knighthood in protest.

The massacre fueled anger and strengthened the demand for Swaraj (self-rule). It led to larger protests and united people across India against British oppression. The event also showed the world the harsh reality of colonial rule, gaining international sympathy for India's cause. The memory of Jallianwala Bagh remains a symbol of sacrifice and resistance in India's history.

Bhagat Singh was a brave revolutionary who fought fearlessly against British rule. He believed in direct action to achieve freedom and became a symbol of courage for Indians.

His contributions include:

• Participating in the Lahore Conspiracy Case to protest against British oppression.
• Throwing harmless bombs in the Central Legislative Assembly to make the British hear India's demands.
• Using his trial as a platform to spread patriotic ideas.

Bhagat Singh's sacrifice inspired the youth to join the freedom struggle. His famous slogan, 'Inquilab Zindabad' (Long Live the Revolution), motivated many to fight for independence with boldness and determination.