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My Childhood – CBSE NCERT Study Resources

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9th

9th - English (Panorama Part‑1)

My Childhood

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Overview of the Chapter

The chapter "My Childhood" is an autobiographical account by Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam, taken from his book "Wings of Fire." It reflects on his early years, growing up in Rameswaram, Tamil Nadu, and the influences that shaped his character and values. The chapter highlights themes of simplicity, secularism, and the importance of education and hard work.

Key Themes

  • Simplicity and Humility
  • Secularism and Harmony
  • Importance of Education
  • Family and Social Values

Summary

The chapter begins with Dr. Kalam describing his childhood in Rameswaram, a small town in Tamil Nadu. He belonged to a middle-class Tamil Muslim family. His father, Jainulabdeen, was a boat owner and imam of a local mosque, while his mother, Ashiamma, was a housewife. Despite financial constraints, his parents provided a loving and nurturing environment.

Dr. Kalam's childhood was marked by simplicity and strong moral values instilled by his parents.

He recalls how his father taught him the importance of honesty and self-discipline. His mother, on the other hand, was a source of kindness and generosity. The family lived in harmony with their Hindu neighbors, reflecting the secular fabric of Indian society.

Dr. Kalam also mentions his close friendship with Ramanadha Sastry, the son of the high priest of the Rameswaram temple. Their friendship transcended religious boundaries, showcasing the unity in diversity that India stands for.

Education played a pivotal role in shaping Dr. Kalam's future. His teachers, particularly Sivasubramania Iyer, encouraged his curiosity and love for science.

The chapter concludes with Dr. Kalam moving to Ramanathapuram for higher studies, marking the beginning of his journey toward becoming a renowned scientist.

Important Characters

  • Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam - The author and protagonist of the chapter.
  • Jainulabdeen - Dr. Kalam's father, a man of integrity and wisdom.
  • Ashiamma - Dr. Kalam's mother, known for her kindness and generosity.
  • Ramanadha Sastry - Dr. Kalam's childhood friend, symbolizing communal harmony.
  • Sivasubramania Iyer - A science teacher who inspired Dr. Kalam.

Moral Lessons

  • Hard work and perseverance lead to success.
  • Respect for all religions fosters unity.
  • Family and teachers play a crucial role in shaping one's character.

All Question Types with Solutions – CBSE Exam Pattern

Explore a complete set of CBSE-style questions with detailed solutions, categorized by marks and question types. Ideal for exam preparation, revision and practice.

Very Short Answer (1 Mark) – with Solutions (CBSE Pattern)

These are 1-mark questions requiring direct, concise answers. Ideal for quick recall and concept clarity.

Question 1:
Who is the author of My Childhood?
Answer:

A.P.J. Abdul Kalam

Question 2:
Where was Abdul Kalam born?
Answer:

Rameswaram, Tamil Nadu

Question 3:
Name Abdul Kalam's childhood friend mentioned in My Childhood.
Answer:

Ramanadha Sastry

Question 4:
What was Abdul Kalam's father's profession?
Answer:

Boat owner and imam

Question 5:
How did Abdul Kalam's family describe their meals?
Answer:

Simple and vegetarian

Question 6:
Who influenced Abdul Kalam's early education?
Answer:

His parents and teachers

Question 7:
What did Abdul Kalam collect as a child?
Answer:

Seeds and tamarind

Question 8:
Which teacher discriminated against Abdul Kalam?
Answer:

The new teacher

Question 9:
How did Ramanadha Sastry's father react to discrimination?
Answer:

He reprimanded the teacher

Question 10:
What values did Abdul Kalam learn from his parents?
Answer:

Honesty and discipline

Question 11:
What did Abdul Kalam sell to support his family?
Answer:

Newspapers

Question 12:
Which event inspired Abdul Kalam to study science?
Answer:

Seeing a bird's flight

Question 13:
What was the name of Abdul Kalam's science teacher?
Answer:

Sivasubramania Iyer

Question 14:
How did Abdul Kalam describe his childhood?
Answer:

Secure and happy

Question 15:
Who was Kalam's childhood friend?
Answer:

Kalam's childhood friend was Ramanadha Sastry. They shared a deep bond and studied together at the Rameswaram Elementary School.

Question 16:
What was the name of Kalam's father?
Answer:

Kalam's father was named Jainulabdeen. He was a devout Muslim and a simple, hardworking man.

Question 17:
Where did Kalam collect tamarind seeds in his childhood?
Answer:

Kalam collected tamarind seeds from the Rameswaram temple and sold them to a local provision shop to earn money.

Question 18:
What was the profession of Kalam's father?
Answer:

Kalam's father, Jainulabdeen, was a boat owner and also served as the imam of the local mosque.

Question 19:
Name the teacher who influenced Kalam during his school days.
Answer:

Sivasubramania Iyer, Kalam's science teacher, greatly influenced him by encouraging scientific curiosity and breaking social barriers.

Question 20:
What did Kalam learn from his parents about religious tolerance?
Answer:

Kalam learned from his parents that religion is a personal matter and that people of different faiths can coexist peacefully.

Question 21:
Why did Kalam admire his science teacher?
Answer:

Kalam admired his science teacher, Sivasubramania Iyer, for his progressive mindset, scientific approach, and efforts to bridge social divides.

Question 22:
What was the name of the newspaper Kalam used to distribute as a child?
Answer:

Kalam distributed the newspaper called Dinamani to earn extra money during his childhood.

Question 23:
How did Kalam describe his mother in the chapter?
Answer:

Kalam described his mother, Ashiamma, as a kind, generous, and supportive woman who took care of the family with love.

Question 24:
What lesson did Kalam learn from his father's response to the priest's complaint?
Answer:

Kalam learned the importance of forgiveness and inner strength when his father calmly handled the priest's complaint without anger.

Question 25:
What was the significance of the Rameswaram temple in Kalam's childhood?
Answer:

The Rameswaram temple was significant as it symbolized religious harmony and was a place where Kalam interacted with people from different backgrounds.

Question 26:
How did Kalam's family contribute to his upbringing?
Answer:

Kalam's family instilled values like hard work, simplicity, and religious tolerance, shaping his character and future success.

Very Short Answer (2 Marks) – with Solutions (CBSE Pattern)

These 2-mark questions test key concepts in a brief format. Answers are expected to be accurate and slightly descriptive.

Question 1:
Who was Kalam's childhood friend in Rameswaram?
Answer:

Kalam's childhood friend was Ramanadha Sastry. They shared a deep bond and studied together at the elementary school in Rameswaram.

Question 2:
What role did Kalam's father play in his early life?
Answer:

Kalam's father, Jainulabdeen, was a simple and wise man who taught him the values of honesty and self-discipline. He encouraged Kalam to seek knowledge and respect all religions.

Question 3:
What was the name of the newspaper Kalam distributed as a child?
Answer:

The newspaper Kalam distributed was called Dinamani. This early job helped him develop a sense of responsibility and independence.

Question 4:
How did Kalam earn his first wages?
Answer:

Kalam earned his first wages by collecting and selling tamarind seeds. He sold them to a provision shop, learning the value of hard work early in life.

Question 5:
What lesson did Kalam learn from his science teacher, Sivasubramania Iyer?
Answer:

Kalam learned the importance of breaking social barriers from his science teacher. Sivasubramania Iyer invited him to eat at his house, challenging caste-based discrimination.

Question 6:
Why did Kalam feel that his childhood was secure?
Answer:

Kalam felt secure because of his loving family and the harmonious environment of Rameswaram. His parents and teachers provided guidance and support, fostering his growth.

Question 7:
What was the significance of the mosque in Kalam's childhood?
Answer:

The mosque was a place of spiritual learning and community bonding for Kalam. His father conducted prayers there, teaching him the values of faith and unity.

Question 8:
How did Kalam describe the Rameswaram temple in the chapter?
Answer:

Kalam described the Rameswaram temple as a symbol of religious harmony. People of all faiths visited it, reflecting the inclusive culture of his hometown.

Question 9:
What incident shows Kalam's curiosity about science?
Answer:

Kalam was fascinated by the flight of seagulls and asked his teacher how birds fly. This curiosity later inspired his interest in aeronautics and space science.

Question 10:
How did Kalam's childhood experiences shape his future?
Answer:

Kalam's childhood taught him resilience, hard work, and secular values. These principles guided his journey from Rameswaram to becoming India's Missile Man and President.

Short Answer (3 Marks) – with Solutions (CBSE Pattern)

These 3-mark questions require brief explanations and help assess understanding and application of concepts.

Question 1:
How did Kalam's childhood experiences shape his personality as described in My Childhood?
Answer:

Kalam's childhood in Rameswaram played a crucial role in shaping his personality. His interactions with diverse communities taught him tolerance and secularism. His father's emphasis on simplicity and his mother's kindness instilled humility. The influence of his teacher, Sivasubramania Iyer, encouraged scientific curiosity. These experiences made him compassionate, hardworking, and open-minded.

Question 2:
What role did Kalam's parents play in his upbringing according to the chapter?
Answer:

Kalam's parents were pillars of support. His father, Jainulabdeen, was a man of integrity who taught him the value of honesty and discipline. His mother, Ashiamma, was kind and nurturing, fostering empathy. Their modest lifestyle and emphasis on education laid the foundation for his future success.

Question 3:
Describe the significance of Kalam's friendship with Ramanadha Sastry in the chapter.
Answer:

Kalam's friendship with Ramanadha Sastry highlights social harmony. Despite belonging to different religious backgrounds, they shared a deep bond. When a teacher tried to separate them, Sastry's father intervened, upholding equality. This incident reinforced Kalam's belief in unity and respect for all communities.

Question 4:
How did Sivasubramania Iyer influence Kalam's scientific temperament?
Answer:

Sivasubramania Iyer, Kalam's science teacher, encouraged him to question and explore. He broke social barriers by inviting Kalam to his home, defying caste norms. His practical lessons, like observing birds in flight, sparked Kalam's interest in aerodynamics. This mentorship nurtured his scientific curiosity and innovative thinking.

Question 5:
Explain the importance of the seashore in Kalam's childhood experiences.
Answer:

The seashore was a place of learning and wonder for Kalam. He collected seashells and observed fishermen, gaining insights into nature and livelihoods. The vastness of the sea symbolized boundless opportunities, inspiring his dreams. It also served as a peaceful retreat where he reflected on life's lessons.

Question 6:
What message does the chapter convey about overcoming societal prejudices?
Answer:

The chapter emphasizes that prejudices can be overcome through education and mutual respect. Instances like Sastry's father defending Kalam and Iyer defying caste norms show that change is possible. Kalam's life proves that hard work and inclusivity triumph over discrimination.

Question 7:
Describe the role of Kalam's father in his upbringing as mentioned in My Childhood.
Answer:

Kalam's father, Jainulabdeen, played a pivotal role in his upbringing. He was a man of strong principles and taught Kalam the importance of honesty, self-discipline, and spirituality. Despite being uneducated, he encouraged Kalam to seek knowledge and supported his dreams. His father's wisdom and calm demeanor deeply influenced Kalam's character.

Question 8:
What does the chapter My Childhood reveal about the social fabric of Rameswaram during Kalam's childhood?
Answer:

The chapter highlights the harmonious coexistence of different communities in Rameswaram. Despite religious differences, people lived with mutual respect and cooperation. Kalam's friendships with Ramanadha Sastry (a Brahmin) and Aravindan (a Hindu) show the absence of communal tensions. The society valued education and shared cultural practices, fostering unity.

Question 9:
How did Kalam's teacher, Sivasubramania Iyer, influence his scientific curiosity?
Answer:

Sivasubramania Iyer, Kalam's science teacher, played a key role in nurturing his scientific temperament. He broke social barriers by inviting Kalam to his home for meals, despite caste differences. His practical teaching methods, like explaining aerodynamics using a bird's flight, sparked Kalam's interest in science. This encouragement led Kalam to pursue a career in aerospace.

Question 10:
Explain the significance of the incident where Kalam was asked to sit on the backbench in school.
Answer:

When a new teacher asked Kalam to sit on the backbench due to his Muslim identity, it reflected the prejudices of the time. However, Ramanadha Sastry's father, the priest, condemned this act and ensured equality. This incident taught Kalam the importance of standing against injustice and reinforced his belief in secular values.

Question 11:
What lessons can students learn from Kalam's childhood experiences in My Childhood?
Answer:

Students can learn:

  • The value of hard work and determination from Kalam's journey.
  • The importance of communal harmony and respect for all religions.
  • How teachers and family play a crucial role in shaping one's future.
  • To overcome societal barriers with courage and integrity.

Long Answer (5 Marks) – with Solutions (CBSE Pattern)

These 5-mark questions are descriptive and require detailed, structured answers with proper explanation and examples.

Question 1:
How does A.P.J. Abdul Kalam describe his childhood in Rameswaram? Highlight the influences that shaped his early life.
Answer:
Introduction

In 'My Childhood', A.P.J. Abdul Kalam describes his early years in Rameswaram as simple yet enriching.


Argument 1
  • He highlights the secular environment, where his friends included Hindus like Ramanadha Sastry.
  • His father's teachings on honesty and hard work deeply influenced him.

Argument 2
  • His science teacher, Sivasubramania Iyer, encouraged his curiosity, fostering a love for learning.
  • The close-knit community and natural surroundings of Rameswaram instilled humility.

Conclusion

These experiences shaped Kalam's values and scientific temperament, as our textbook shows.

Question 2:
Explain the role of family and teachers in Kalam's childhood with examples from the lesson.
Answer:
Introduction

Family and teachers played a pivotal role in shaping Kalam's childhood, as described in 'My Childhood'.


Argument 1
  • His father, Jainulabdeen, taught him self-discipline and spirituality, like waking up early for prayers.
  • His mother, Ashiamma, provided emotional support and simplicity.

Argument 2
  • Teacher Sivasubramania Iyer broke social barriers by inviting him to a meal, promoting equality.
  • His science teacher encouraged his curiosity, as seen in the homemade toy helicopter experiment.

Conclusion

These influences, as our textbook shows, laid the foundation for Kalam's future achievements.

Question 3:
How does the lesson My Childhood reflect the social harmony in Rameswaram during Kalam's time?
Answer:
Introduction

'My Childhood' portrays Rameswaram as a place of social harmony, where diverse communities coexisted peacefully.


Argument 1
  • Kalam's friendship with Ramanadha Sastry, a Brahmin boy, shows religious tolerance.
  • His family respected all faiths, as seen when his father consoled a priest after a temple incident.

Argument 2
  • Teachers like Sivasubramania Iyer promoted equality by dining with Kalam despite caste norms.
  • The community collectively celebrated festivals, reflecting unity.

Conclusion

Our textbook highlights how this environment nurtured Kalam's inclusive worldview.

Question 4:
Describe two incidents from My Childhood that show Kalam's curiosity and love for science.
Answer:
Introduction

Kalam's childhood was marked by a deep curiosity for science, as illustrated in the lesson.


Argument 1
  • He built a toy helicopter with his cousin to understand flight mechanics, showing early innovation.
  • His fascination with birds and flight is evident when he observes seagulls at the shore.

Argument 2
  • His science teacher, Sivasubramania Iyer, encouraged his questions about how birds fly.
  • He collected tamarind seeds to earn money for his education, demonstrating determination.

Conclusion

These incidents, as our textbook shows, foreshadowed his future as a scientist.

Question 5:
What lessons can students learn from Kalam's childhood experiences in Rameswaram?
Answer:
Introduction

Kalam's childhood teaches valuable lessons about perseverance, humility, and inclusivity.


Argument 1
  • His hard work (e.g., selling seeds for education) shows the importance of self-reliance.
  • His respect for all religions, as seen in his friendships, promotes secular values.

Argument 2
  • Teachers' encouragement highlights the role of mentorship in success.
  • His curiosity for science inspires students to explore and innovate.

Conclusion

Our textbook illustrates how these experiences are relevant for students today.

Question 6:
How does APJ Abdul Kalam describe his childhood in Rameswaram? Highlight the influences that shaped his early life.
Answer:
Introduction

In 'My Childhood', APJ Abdul Kalam describes his simple yet inspiring upbringing in Rameswaram.


Argument 1
  • He lived in a close-knit Muslim family, where values like honesty and hard work were emphasized.
  • His father, Jainulabdeen, was a boat owner and a man of wisdom.

Argument 2
  • Kalam's friendship with Ramanadha Sastry broke religious barriers, teaching him secularism.
  • His science teacher, Sivasubramania Iyer, encouraged his curiosity about flight.

Conclusion

These influences shaped Kalam's humble yet determined personality, as our textbook shows.

Question 7:
Explain the role of family and teachers in Kalam's childhood. Provide examples from the lesson.
Answer:
Introduction

Family and teachers played a crucial role in shaping Kalam's early years.


Argument 1
  • His father taught him the importance of self-discipline and simplicity.
  • His mother, Ashiamma, provided emotional support and kindness.

Argument 2
  • Teacher Sivasubramania Iyer invited him for meals, breaking caste norms.
  • His science teacher inspired his interest in aeronautics.

Conclusion

As we studied, these figures helped Kalam develop into a visionary, as seen in NCERT examples.

Question 8:
Describe the social harmony in Rameswaram as depicted in 'My Childhood'. Give two instances.
Answer:
Introduction

Rameswaram was a place of unity in diversity, as Kalam recalls in the lesson.


Argument 1
  • Kalam's friendship with Ramanadha Sastry, a Brahmin, showed religious tolerance.
  • They studied and prayed together despite societal norms.

Argument 2
  • His science teacher, a Brahmin, served meals to Kalam, a Muslim, breaking caste barriers.
  • People of all faiths respected each other's traditions.

Conclusion

Our textbook highlights how Rameswaram was a model of social harmony.

Question 9:
How did education impact Kalam's childhood? Discuss with reference to the lesson.
Answer:
Introduction

Education was a transformative force in Kalam's early life.


Argument 1
  • His school in Rameswaram provided a secular environment, fostering friendships across religions.
  • Teachers like Sivasubramania Iyer nurtured his scientific curiosity.

Argument 2
  • Kalam's interest in flight began with his teacher's lessons on bird wings.
  • He collected books and studied aeronautics passionately.

Conclusion

As we studied, education shaped Kalam's dreams, as shown in NCERT examples.

Question 10:
What lessons does Kalam's childhood teach us about hard work and determination? Support your answer with examples.
Answer:
Introduction

Kalam's childhood teaches us the value of perseverance and dedication.


Argument 1
  • Despite limited resources, he sold newspapers to support his family and education.
  • He spent hours studying science and collecting books on flight.

Argument 2
  • His teacher's encouragement motivated him to pursue aeronautics.
  • He overcame societal barriers through sheer determination.

Conclusion

Our textbook shows how Kalam's early struggles shaped his later achievements.

Question 11:
Describe the role of Gandhiji in shaping the author's childhood as mentioned in the chapter My Childhood. How did his principles influence the author's upbringing?
Answer:

The chapter My Childhood highlights the profound influence of Gandhiji on the author's early life. Gandhiji's principles of truth, non-violence, and simplicity were deeply ingrained in the author's family, shaping his values and upbringing.

For instance, the author's father, a follower of Gandhian philosophy, ensured that the household lived a life of minimalism and honesty. This is reflected in the author's description of their modest lifestyle and emphasis on education without extravagance. Gandhiji's belief in equality also influenced the author's interactions with people from all backgrounds, fostering a sense of respect and unity.

Additionally, the author's participation in the freedom struggle as a child, inspired by Gandhiji's call for Swadeshi, showcases how his ideals motivated even the younger generation to contribute to the nation's cause. This upbringing instilled in the author a strong moral compass and a commitment to social justice.

Question 12:
How does the chapter My Childhood portray the importance of family and community in the author's early life? Provide examples from the text to support your answer.
Answer:

The chapter My Childhood beautifully illustrates the significance of family and community in shaping the author's formative years. The author's family provided a nurturing environment filled with love, discipline, and cultural values.

  • For example, the author's mother played a pivotal role in teaching him the importance of compassion and hard work. Her stories and lessons left a lasting impression on him.
  • The joint family system ensured that the author grew up surrounded by relatives, fostering a sense of belonging and shared responsibility. Celebrations and daily routines were collective experiences, reinforcing community bonds.

Moreover, the neighborhood and local community also contributed to the author's upbringing. Interactions with people from diverse backgrounds, as described in the chapter, taught him the values of tolerance and unity. The support from teachers and friends further highlights how the community played a role in his intellectual and emotional growth.

In essence, the chapter emphasizes that the author's childhood was a product of collaborative efforts between family and community, which laid the foundation for his future achievements.

Question 13:
Describe the role of family and teachers in shaping the childhood of APJ Abdul Kalam as depicted in the chapter My Childhood. Provide examples from the text to support your answer.
Answer:

In the chapter My Childhood, APJ Abdul Kalam highlights the profound influence of his family and teachers on his early life. His parents, particularly his father, instilled in him values of honesty, discipline, and hard work. For example, his father taught him the importance of self-reliance by encouraging him to earn his own pocket money. His mother, on the other hand, nurtured his emotional growth with her kindness and support.

Kalam's teachers also played a pivotal role in shaping his future. His science teacher, Sivasubramania Iyer, inspired him to break societal barriers by inviting him to his home for a meal, despite the prevailing caste prejudices. This act of inclusivity left a lasting impression on Kalam and reinforced his belief in equality and education. Another teacher, Ramanadha Sastry, taught him the value of forgiveness and resilience when he resolved a conflict between Kalam and a fellow student.

These experiences underscore how family and teachers collectively contributed to Kalam's character, fostering qualities like perseverance, empathy, and a thirst for knowledge, which later defined his illustrious career.

Question 14:
Explain how the chapter My Childhood reflects the socio-cultural environment of Rameswaram during APJ Abdul Kalam's childhood. Use specific instances from the text to illustrate your points.
Answer:

The chapter My Childhood offers a vivid portrayal of the socio-cultural environment of Rameswaram during APJ Abdul Kalam's early years. The town was a harmonious blend of diverse religious and cultural practices. For instance, Kalam describes how his family and their Hindu neighbors celebrated festivals like Diwali and Ramadan together, showcasing mutual respect and communal harmony.

However, the society was also marked by rigid caste distinctions. Kalam recounts an incident where his close friend Ramanadha Sastry was scolded by a priest for sitting beside him, a Muslim boy, in class. This highlights the deep-rooted prejudices of the time. Yet, the chapter also emphasizes the progressive mindset of individuals like Kalam's science teacher, Sivasubramania Iyer, who challenged these norms by inviting Kalam to his home, defying caste barriers.

Additionally, the simplicity of life in Rameswaram is evident in Kalam's descriptions of his daily routines, such as collecting tamarind seeds for fuel or selling newspapers to earn money. These details paint a picture of a close-knit, resourceful community where values like hard work and frugality were cherished.

Overall, the chapter captures the duality of Rameswaram's society—its warmth and inclusivity, as well as its challenges—providing a nuanced understanding of the socio-cultural environment that shaped Kalam's formative years.

Question 15:
Describe the role of Gandhiji's principles in shaping A.P.J. Abdul Kalam's childhood as depicted in the chapter My Childhood. Support your answer with examples from the text.
Answer:

The chapter My Childhood highlights how Gandhiji's principles deeply influenced A.P.J. Abdul Kalam's upbringing and values. Kalam's father, Jainulabdeen, was a devout follower of Gandhian ideals, which reflected in their simple lifestyle and emphasis on honesty, humility, and communal harmony.

For instance, Kalam's family lived in a modest house and practiced austerity, mirroring Gandhiji's belief in simple living and high thinking. His father often quoted Gandhiji's teachings to instill values like truthfulness and hard work in young Kalam. Additionally, the family respected all religions, as seen when Kalam's father comforted a Hindu priest during a crisis, showcasing Gandhiji's vision of religious tolerance.

Another example is Kalam's early exposure to the Indian freedom struggle, where Gandhiji's non-violent methods left a lasting impression on him. These principles shaped Kalam's character, making him compassionate, disciplined, and dedicated to serving society—traits that defined his later achievements.

Question 16:
Describe the relationship between APJ Abdul Kalam and his father as portrayed in the chapter My Childhood. How did his father's teachings influence Kalam's life?
Answer:

The relationship between APJ Abdul Kalam and his father, Jainulabdeen, was deeply rooted in love, discipline, and spiritual values. His father was a simple boat owner and a devout Muslim who believed in hard work and honesty. Despite their modest means, he provided a nurturing environment filled with moral teachings and emotional support.

Kalam's father influenced him in several ways:

  • Spiritual Guidance: He taught Kalam the importance of prayer and faith, which later shaped his resilience and optimism.
  • Value of Simplicity: Despite financial constraints, his father emphasized contentment, which made Kalam humble and grounded.
  • Encouragement for Education: Though not formally educated, his father supported Kalam's curiosity and learning, fostering his passion for science.

These teachings helped Kalam develop a strong character, enabling him to overcome challenges and become a renowned scientist and India's Missile Man.

Question 17:
Describe the relationship between APJ Abdul Kalam and his father as portrayed in the chapter My Childhood. How did his father's values influence Kalam's life?
Answer:

The relationship between APJ Abdul Kalam and his father, Jainulabdeen, was deeply rooted in love, respect, and spiritual values. Kalam describes his father as a man of simple living and high thinking, who emphasized the importance of honesty, hard work, and compassion. Despite their modest means, his father ensured that Kalam and his siblings grew up in a nurturing environment filled with moral teachings and cultural richness.

His father's values profoundly influenced Kalam's life in the following ways:

  • Spiritual Foundation: Jainulabdeen's devotion to prayers and his belief in the power of faith instilled in Kalam a sense of spiritual discipline.
  • Humility and Simplicity: Kalam learned to value simplicity and avoid materialism, which later reflected in his leadership style as India's President.
  • Respect for All Religions: His father's inclusive attitude towards people of all faiths shaped Kalam's secular outlook and his belief in unity in diversity.

These principles guided Kalam throughout his life, helping him become a visionary scientist and a beloved leader who always prioritized the welfare of others.

Question 18:
Describe the role of Gandhiji in shaping APJ Abdul Kalam's childhood values as mentioned in the chapter My Childhood. Support your answer with examples from the text.
Answer:

In the chapter My Childhood, APJ Abdul Kalam highlights how Gandhiji's principles deeply influenced his upbringing and values. Gandhiji's emphasis on simplicity, honesty, and self-reliance was mirrored in Kalam's family and community.

For instance, Kalam's father, despite being a boat owner, lived a modest life, reflecting Gandhiji's ideal of minimalism. His mother's practice of feeding outsiders showcased the value of compassion, another Gandhian principle. Additionally, Kalam's early exposure to interfaith harmony in Rameswaram aligned with Gandhiji's vision of unity in diversity.

These experiences instilled in Kalam a strong moral foundation, which later guided his scientific and leadership journey. The chapter thus underscores how Gandhiji's teachings were not just theoretical but lived realities in Kalam's childhood.

Question 19:
Describe the influence of Gandhiji and Dr. Abdul Kalam's parents on his childhood, as depicted in the chapter My Childhood. How did these influences shape his personality and future?
Answer:

In the chapter My Childhood, Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam highlights the profound influence of Gandhiji and his parents on his early life. Gandhiji's principles of simplicity, honesty, and self-reliance deeply inspired young Kalam. His parents, particularly his father, instilled in him values of hard work, discipline, and compassion.

Key influences:

  • Gandhiji's teachings encouraged Kalam to embrace humility and service to society.
  • His father's emphasis on education and moral integrity shaped his disciplined approach to life.
  • His mother's kindness and generosity taught him the importance of empathy and community bonding.

These influences collectively molded Kalam into a visionary leader, blending scientific curiosity with humanitarian values, as seen in his later achievements.

Question 20:
Describe the role of Gandhiji in shaping Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam's childhood values as mentioned in the chapter My Childhood. Support your answer with examples from the text.
Answer:

In the chapter My Childhood, Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam highlights how Gandhiji's principles deeply influenced his upbringing. Gandhiji's emphasis on simplicity, honesty, and hard work was reflected in Kalam's family and community.

For example, Kalam's father, despite being a boat owner, lived a modest life, aligning with Gandhiji's idea of self-reliance. His mother's kindness and dedication to feeding strangers mirrored Gandhiji's belief in compassion and service to humanity.

Additionally, Kalam's schoolteacher, Sivasubramania Iyer, broke social barriers by inviting him to eat at his house, demonstrating Gandhiji's vision of social equality. These experiences instilled in Kalam the values of unity, perseverance, and respect for all, which later defined his leadership.

Case-based Questions (4 Marks) – with Solutions (CBSE Pattern)

These 4-mark case-based questions assess analytical skills through real-life scenarios. Answers must be based on the case study provided.

Question 1:
In My Childhood, APJ Abdul Kalam describes his early life in Rameswaram. How did his family background and friendship with Ramanadha Sastry shape his values?
Answer:
Case Summary

Kalam's family was simple but emphasized education and secularism. His friendship with Ramanadha Sastry, a priest's son, taught him unity beyond religion.

Analysis
  • Family: His father's wisdom and mother's kindness instilled humility.
  • Friendship: Shared meals and studies with Ramanadha showed harmony.
Conclusion

These experiences made Kalam respect diversity, as seen in his later scientific and presidential work.

Question 2:
Kalam mentions his teacher Sivasubramania Iyer breaking social barriers. Explain how this incident reflects the theme of equality in the lesson.
Answer:
Case Summary

Sivasubramania Iyer invited Kalam, a Muslim boy, to eat at his Brahmin home, defying norms.

Analysis
  • Action: The teacher served food himself, challenging caste rules.
  • Impact: Kalam learned that progress needs equality, as seen in his missile team later.
Conclusion

This mirrors NCERT's message that education should unite, not divide.

Question 3:
The chapter highlights Kalam's curiosity about science. Give two examples from the text showing how his environment nurtured this trait.
Answer:
Case Summary

Kalam collected tamarind seeds for wartime fuel and studied flight details from newspapers.

Analysis
  • Example 1: His cousin Jallaluddin explained how birds fly, sparking his aeronautics interest.
  • Example 2: The seashore's winds made him ponder natural forces.
Conclusion

Our textbook shows how everyday observations can inspire great careers.

Question 4:
Kalam's mother said, "Adversity always presents opportunities for introspection." Relate this to his response to the Second World War's effects.
Answer:
Case Summary

During the war, Kalam sold seeds but also read about its science.

Analysis
  • Adversity: War disrupted studies but taught resourcefulness.
  • Opportunity: He analyzed newspaper maps, linking geography to conflict.
Conclusion

This aligns with NCERT's focus on learning from challenges, as seen in his missile projects.

Question 5:
In My Childhood, Abdul Kalam describes his early life in Rameswaram. How did his family background and friendships shape his values?
Answer:
Case Summary

Abdul Kalam grew up in a simple, close-knit family. His father taught him honesty, while his mother encouraged kindness.

Analysis
  • His friendship with Ramanadha Sastry showed religious harmony.
  • His teacher Sivasubramania Iyer inspired his scientific curiosity.
Conclusion

We studied how his upbringing and relationships built his integrity and open-mindedness, as shown in NCERT examples.

Question 6:
How did Abdul Kalam's teachers influence his growth in My Childhood? Give two examples.
Answer:
Case Summary

Kalam's teachers played a key role in shaping his thoughts and ambitions.

Analysis
  • His science teacher Sivasubramania Iyer broke social barriers by inviting him to eat.
  • His primary teacher encouraged curiosity by explaining wind mechanics.
Conclusion

Our textbook shows how these experiences taught him equality and scientific thinking.

Question 7:
Explain how social diversity in Rameswaram is reflected in Kalam's childhood experiences.
Answer:
Case Summary

Kalam lived in a town where Hindus and Muslims coexisted peacefully.

Analysis
  • He prayed at Ramanathaswamy Temple with his Hindu friend.
  • His family respected all festivals, like Diwali and Eid.
Conclusion

We studied how this inclusive environment, as per NCERT, shaped his respect for all cultures.

Question 8:
What lessons did Kalam learn from his parents in My Childhood? Support with text references.
Answer:
Case Summary

Kalam's parents taught him core values through daily actions.

Analysis
  • His father's refusal to overcharge customers showed honesty.
  • His mother's generosity to beggars taught compassion.
Conclusion

Our textbook highlights these as foundational to his character, proving family's role in moral growth.

Question 9:
In My Childhood, APJ Abdul Kalam describes his early life in Rameswaram. How did his family background and friendships shape his values?
Answer:
Case Summary

Kalam's family was modest but emphasized education and secularism. His friendships with people from diverse religions taught him tolerance.

Analysis
  • His father's wisdom and mother's kindness instilled humility.
  • Friends like Ramanadha Sastri showed him unity in diversity.
Conclusion

These experiences shaped Kalam's inclusive worldview, as seen in his later scientific and leadership roles.

Question 10:
Kalam mentions his teacher Sivasubramania Iyer breaking social barriers. Explain how this incident reflects the prevailing caste system and change.
Answer:
Case Summary

Iyer invited Kalam, a Muslim boy, to eat at his home, defying caste norms.

Analysis
  • The teacher's wife initially refused due to caste prejudices.
  • Iyer served Kalam himself, demonstrating progressive values.
Conclusion

This highlights both societal divisions and how individuals can challenge them, as NCERT shows through such examples.

Question 11:
Analyze the role of Rameswaram's environment in Kalam's childhood. Use examples of natural influences and community life.
Answer:
Case Summary

The coastal town's simplicity and interfaith harmony deeply influenced Kalam.

Analysis
  • Collecting seeds and watching waves sparked his curiosity for science.
  • Festivals like Ramadan and Pongal were celebrated collectively.
Conclusion

Rameswaram's ecosystem nurtured his scientific temperament and respect for pluralism, as our textbook highlights.

Question 12:
Kalam's newspaper delivery experience taught him key lessons. Identify two values he learned and their real-life application.
Answer:
Case Summary

Young Kalam distributed newspapers to support family finances.

Analysis
  • Discipline: Waking up early for deliveries.
  • Responsibility: Ensuring timely distribution.
Conclusion

These values later helped him manage complex projects like India's missile program, proving how small tasks build character.

Question 13:

Read the following extract from My Childhood and answer the question below:

"I was born into a middle-class Tamil family in the island town of Rameswaram in the erstwhile Madras State."

Based on the extract, explain how Abdul Kalam's background influenced his childhood experiences. Provide two examples from the chapter to support your answer.

Answer:

Abdul Kalam's middle-class Tamil family background and upbringing in Rameswaram deeply influenced his childhood experiences in the following ways:

  • Cultural Exposure: Growing up in a religiously diverse town like Rameswaram, Kalam interacted with people from different faiths, which shaped his secular outlook. For example, his close friendship with Ramanadha Sastry, a Brahmin boy, highlights this.
  • Simplicity & Values: His middle-class upbringing instilled values like hard work and discipline. For instance, he helped his cousin Samsuddin distribute newspapers, learning the importance of responsibility early on.

These experiences from his childhood later became foundational to his personality and achievements.

Question 14:

In My Childhood, Abdul Kalam mentions his science teacher Sivasubramania Iyer as a key influence. Analyze how the teacher's actions impacted Kalam's life, citing two instances from the text.

Answer:

Sivasubramania Iyer played a pivotal role in shaping Kalam's scientific curiosity and breaking social barriers:

  • Encouraging Scientific Temper: He invited Kalam to his home for a meal, where he demonstrated the "defiance of social norms" by asking his orthodox wife to serve food to a Muslim boy. This taught Kalam the importance of equality and rational thinking.
  • Inspiring Flight: He explained the principles of aerodynamics using a simple example of birds in flight, which ignited Kalam's passion for aviation. This later influenced his career as a aerospace scientist.

Through these actions, the teacher not only educated Kalam but also instilled confidence and a progressive mindset in him.

Question 15:
Read the following excerpt from 'My Childhood' and answer the question that follows:
'During the annual Shri Sita Rama Kalyanam ceremony, our family used to arrange boats with a special platform for carrying idols of the Lord from the temple to the marriage site, situated in the middle of the pond called Rama Tirtha.'

How does this event reflect the cultural and social values of Kalam's family and community?

Answer:

The excerpt highlights the deep-rooted cultural and social values of Kalam's family and community.

1. Religious Harmony: The Shri Sita Rama Kalyanam ceremony shows their respect for Hindu traditions, despite being Muslims, reflecting secularism and unity.
2. Community Participation: Arranging boats for the ceremony indicates collective effort and shared joy in celebrations.
3. Preservation of Traditions: The annual event underscores their commitment to preserving cultural heritage.
4. Social Bonding: The gathering at Rama Tirtha pond strengthens communal ties and fosters harmony.

Question 16:
In 'My Childhood,' Kalam mentions his close friendship with Ramanadha Sastry despite societal norms. Analyze how this friendship challenges the prevailing social prejudices of that time.
Answer:

Kalam's friendship with Ramanadha Sastry breaks several social barriers of the era:

1. Religious Divide: As a Muslim, Kalam befriending a Hindu Brahmin boy like Ramanadha defied the communal tensions of pre-Independence India.
2. Caste System: Their bond ignored the rigid caste hierarchy, showing that humanity transcends man-made divisions.
3. Childhood Innocence: Their pure friendship proves that prejudices are learned, not innate.
4. Role of Education: Their school environment promoted equality, hinting at education's power to eradicate biases.

Question 17:
Read the following excerpt from 'My Childhood' and answer the question that follows:
'During the annual Shri Sita Rama Kalyanam ceremony, our family used to arrange boats with a special platform for carrying idols of the Lord from the temple to the marriage site.'
Q: How does this tradition reflect the cultural values of Abdul Kalam's family?
Answer:

The tradition of arranging boats for the Shri Sita Rama Kalyanam ceremony highlights the deep-rooted cultural and religious values of Abdul Kalam's family.

1. Unity in Diversity: The participation in a Hindu ceremony shows their respect for India's pluralistic traditions, emphasizing harmony.
2. Community Bonding: By organizing the event, the family showcases their commitment to social cohesion and shared celebrations.
3. Devotion: The effort to transport idols reflects their reverence for spiritual practices, irrespective of religious boundaries.

This practice aligns with the chapter's theme of secularism and inclusivity in Kalam's upbringing.

Question 18:
Based on the chapter 'My Childhood', analyze the significance of Abdul Kalam's friendship with Ramanadha Sastry in shaping his perspective on social equality.
Answer:

Abdul Kalam's friendship with Ramanadha Sastry, a Brahmin, played a pivotal role in shaping his progressive views on social equality.

1. Breaking Barriers: Their bond challenged the caste-based segregation prevalent in their school, proving that friendships transcend societal divisions.
2. Emotional Support: When Kalam was separated from Sastry due to a new teacher's bias, their mutual distress highlighted the absurdity of discrimination.
3. Moral Lesson: Sastry's father reprimanding the teacher taught Kalam the importance of standing against injustice, reinforcing his belief in equality.

This incident, as described in the chapter, underscores how childhood experiences can foster empathy and social awareness.

Question 19:
Read the following excerpt from 'My Childhood' and answer the question that follows:
'I was born into a middle-class Tamil family in the island town of Rameswaram...'
How does the author's description of his early environment reflect the values he imbibed during his childhood?
Answer:

The author's description of his early environment in Rameswaram highlights the simplicity and cultural richness of his upbringing. Being born into a middle-class Tamil family, he was exposed to values like hard work, humility, and respect for diversity. The close-knit community and the town's religious harmony played a significant role in shaping his inclusive worldview.

Additionally, the author's mention of his father's wisdom and his mother's affection underscores the importance of family in instilling moral and ethical values. These early experiences laid the foundation for his later achievements, emphasizing how childhood environment influences one's character and aspirations.

Question 20:
In 'My Childhood', the author mentions his friendship with Ramanadha Sastry. How did this friendship break societal norms, and what lesson does it teach us?
Answer:

The friendship between the author and Ramanadha Sastry was unusual because it transcended the social barriers of caste and religion prevalent during that time. Despite belonging to different religious backgrounds, their bond was strong and respectful, challenging the stereotypes of their society.

This teaches us the importance of inclusivity and mutual respect in relationships. It also highlights how friendships can foster unity and break down prejudices. The author's experience reminds us that humanity and kindness are above artificial divisions, a lesson highly relevant in today's diverse world.

Question 21:
In the chapter My Childhood, APJ Abdul Kalam describes his childhood experiences in Rameswaram. Based on his interactions with his friends, explain how these relationships shaped his values and personality. Support your answer with examples from the text.
Answer:

In My Childhood, APJ Abdul Kalam's friendships played a crucial role in shaping his values and personality. His close bond with his friends, regardless of their religious or social backgrounds, taught him the importance of unity and secularism. For instance, his friendship with Ramanadha Sastry, despite belonging to different religions, highlighted mutual respect and tolerance.

Additionally, his interactions with his science teacher, Sivasubramania Iyer, encouraged his curiosity and passion for learning. These relationships instilled in him values like hard work, humility, and open-mindedness, which later defined his leadership as a scientist and President of India.

Question 22:
The chapter My Childhood portrays the simplicity and warmth of Kalam's upbringing. How did his family's economic condition influence his outlook on life? Provide evidence from the text to justify your answer.
Answer:

APJ Abdul Kalam's family lived a simple and modest life in Rameswaram, which deeply influenced his outlook. Despite financial constraints, his parents emphasized education and discipline. For example, Kalam mentions how his father, though not wealthy, was a man of integrity and wisdom, teaching him the value of honesty and perseverance.

His mother's kindness and generosity, even with limited resources, taught him compassion and contentment. These experiences shaped Kalam's belief that success is not measured by wealth but by character and contributions to society, as seen in his later achievements.

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