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Grassroots Democracy — Part 2: Local Government in Rural Areas – CBSE NCERT Study Resources

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Grassroots Democracy — Part 2: Local Government in Rural Areas

Study Materials

6th

6th - Social Studies (SST)

Grassroots Democracy — Part 2: Local Government in Rural Areas

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Overview of the Chapter

This chapter explores the functioning of local government in rural areas, focusing on the Panchayati Raj system as a key example of grassroots democracy in India. It highlights the roles, responsibilities, and significance of local governance in empowering rural communities.

Grassroots Democracy: A system where decision-making power is decentralized to the local level, allowing citizens to participate directly in governance.

Structure of Panchayati Raj

The Panchayati Raj system is a three-tier structure:

  • Gram Panchayat: The village-level governing body responsible for local administration.
  • Panchayat Samiti: The block-level body that coordinates multiple Gram Panchayats.
  • Zila Parishad: The district-level body overseeing all Panchayat Samitis in the district.

Functions of Gram Panchayat

The Gram Panchayat performs various functions to ensure local development, including:

  • Maintaining public facilities like roads and water sources.
  • Implementing government welfare schemes.
  • Resolving minor disputes within the village.

Sarpanch: The elected head of the Gram Panchayat who leads meetings and represents the village.

Importance of Local Government

Local governments play a crucial role in:

  • Ensuring participatory democracy at the grassroots level.
  • Addressing local issues effectively.
  • Promoting social justice and equitable development.

Challenges in Rural Local Governance

Despite its significance, the Panchayati Raj system faces challenges such as:

  • Limited financial resources.
  • Lack of awareness among villagers about their rights.
  • Gender inequality in participation.

All Question Types with Solutions – CBSE Exam Pattern

Explore a complete set of CBSE-style questions with detailed solutions, categorized by marks and question types. Ideal for exam preparation, revision and practice.

Very Short Answer (1 Mark) – with Solutions (CBSE Pattern)

These are 1-mark questions requiring direct, concise answers. Ideal for quick recall and concept clarity.

Question 1:
What is the Panchayati Raj System?
Answer:

A system of local self-government in rural areas.

Question 2:
Name the three levels of Panchayati Raj.
Answer:
  • Gram Panchayat
  • Panchayat Samiti
  • Zila Parishad
Question 3:
What is the main function of the Gram Sabha?
Answer:

To approve village development plans.

Question 4:
What is the role of the Block Development Officer (BDO)?
Answer:

To oversee Panchayat Samiti activities.

Question 5:
Which amendment introduced Panchayati Raj as constitutional?
Answer:

73rd Amendment (1992).

Question 6:
What is the minimum age to contest Panchayat elections?
Answer:

21 years.

Question 7:
Name a scheme implemented by Panchayats for rural development.
Answer:

MNREGA (Mahatma Gandhi Rural Employment Act).

Question 8:
Who conducts elections for Panchayats?
Answer:

State Election Commission.

Question 9:
What is the reservation for women in Panchayats?
Answer:

33% seats.

Question 10:
Which committee recommended Panchayati Raj in India?
Answer:

Balwant Rai Mehta Committee (1957).

Question 11:
What is the full form of Panchayati Raj?
Answer:

The full form of Panchayati Raj is 'Panchayat System of Governance'. It is a three-tier system of local self-government in rural areas.

Question 12:
Name the three levels of Panchayati Raj institutions.
Answer:

The three levels are:

  • Gram Panchayat (Village level)
  • Panchayat Samiti (Block level)
  • Zila Parishad (District level)

Question 13:
Who is the head of a Gram Panchayat?
Answer:

The head of a Gram Panchayat is called the Sarpanch or Pradhan, elected by the villagers.

Question 14:
What is the term duration for a Gram Panchayat?
Answer:

The term duration for a Gram Panchayat is 5 years, after which fresh elections are held.

Question 15:
What is the significance of reservation in Panchayati Raj?
Answer:

Reservation ensures representation of women, SCs, STs, and OBCs in local governance, promoting social equality.

Question 16:
What is the minimum age to contest Panchayat elections?
Answer:

The minimum age to contest Panchayat elections is 21 years as per the Constitution.

Question 17:
Name one scheme implemented by Panchayats for rural development.
Answer:

One scheme is the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA), which provides employment to rural people.

Question 18:
What is the role of the Zila Parishad?
Answer:

The Zila Parishad coordinates the work of all Panchayat Samitis in a district and approves their budgets.

Question 19:
Why is Gram Sabha considered the foundation of Panchayati Raj?
Answer:

Gram Sabha is the foundation because it involves direct participation of villagers in decision-making, ensuring transparency and accountability.

Very Short Answer (2 Marks) – with Solutions (CBSE Pattern)

These 2-mark questions test key concepts in a brief format. Answers are expected to be accurate and slightly descriptive.

Question 1:
Why is reservation provided in Panchayati Raj institutions?
Answer:

Reservation ensures representation of women, Scheduled Castes (SCs), and Scheduled Tribes (STs) in local governance, promoting social justice and inclusive development.

Question 2:
Name any two sources of income for a Gram Panchayat.
Answer:
  • Taxes on houses, markets, and water.
  • Grants from the state or central government.
Question 3:
What is the role of the Zila Parishad in rural administration?
Answer:

The Zila Parishad supervises all Panchayat Samitis in a district, allocates funds, and plans large-scale projects like hospitals and roads for rural development.

Question 4:
How does the Panchayati Raj System strengthen democracy?
Answer:

It empowers local communities by decentralizing power, ensuring people's participation, and making governance more accountable and responsive to villagers' needs.

Question 5:
What is the main purpose of the Panchayati Raj System in rural areas?
Answer:

The main purpose of the Panchayati Raj System is to ensure grassroots democracy by giving power to local people for self-governance. It helps in planning and implementing development programs like roads, schools, and healthcare in villages.

Question 6:
Name the three levels of the Panchayati Raj System.
Answer:
  • Gram Panchayat (Village level)
  • Panchayat Samiti (Block level)
  • Zila Parishad (District level)
Question 7:
What is the role of a Sarpanch in a Gram Panchayat?
Answer:

The Sarpanch is the elected head of the Gram Panchayat. They lead meetings, supervise development work, and ensure proper implementation of government schemes in the village.

Question 8:
How are members of the Gram Panchayat elected?
Answer:

Members of the Gram Panchayat are elected by the villagers through direct elections. Every adult (18+) in the village can vote to choose their representatives.

Question 9:
What is the importance of Gram Sabha in rural governance?
Answer:

The Gram Sabha is a key body where villagers discuss issues, approve budgets, and monitor the work of the Gram Panchayat. It ensures transparency and people's participation in decision-making.

Question 10:
List two functions of the Panchayat Samiti.
Answer:
  • Coordinates activities of multiple Gram Panchayats in a block.
  • Implements schemes related to agriculture, education, and health at the block level.
Question 11:
What is the difference between a Gram Panchayat and a Gram Sabha?
Answer:

Gram Panchayat is the elected executive body that governs the village, while Gram Sabha is a general assembly of all adult villagers who review and approve the Panchayat's work.

Short Answer (3 Marks) – with Solutions (CBSE Pattern)

These 3-mark questions require brief explanations and help assess understanding and application of concepts.

Question 1:
What is the role of the Gram Sabha in rural local governance?
Answer:

The Gram Sabha is the foundation of grassroots democracy in rural areas. It consists of all adult members of a village and plays a key role in decision-making.

Its functions include:

  • Approving the annual budget and development plans.
  • Monitoring the work of the Gram Panchayat.
  • Discussing issues like water, roads, and education.
The Gram Sabha ensures transparency and people's participation in governance.

Question 2:
Explain the structure of the Panchayati Raj System at the village level.
Answer:

The Panchayati Raj System at the village level has three main components:

  • Gram Sabha: All adult villagers who discuss and approve plans.
  • Gram Panchayat: Elected members who implement decisions.
  • Sarpanch: The elected head of the Gram Panchayat.
This structure ensures decentralized governance and empowers villagers to manage local affairs.

Question 3:
How does the Gram Panchayat help in rural development?
Answer:

The Gram Panchayat plays a crucial role in rural development by:

  • Building and maintaining infrastructure like roads and schools.
  • Providing clean water and sanitation facilities.
  • Implementing government schemes for farmers and women.
It acts as a bridge between the government and villagers, ensuring local needs are addressed effectively.

Question 4:
What are the sources of income for a Gram Panchayat?
Answer:

The Gram Panchayat gets its income from:

  • Taxes on houses, markets, and water usage.
  • Grants from the state and central governments.
  • Donations for community projects.
These funds are used for village welfare and development activities like building roads and schools.

Question 5:
Why is women's participation important in the Panchayati Raj System?
Answer:

Women's participation in the Panchayati Raj System ensures:

  • Gender equality in decision-making.
  • Better attention to issues like healthcare and education for women and children.
  • Stronger representation of all sections of society.
Reserved seats for women empower them to contribute to inclusive development.

Question 6:
Describe one key function of the Block Samiti in rural administration.
Answer:

The Block Samiti (or Panchayat Samiti) coordinates development activities for a group of villages.

One key function is:

  • Implementing government schemes related to agriculture, health, and education across multiple Gram Panchayats.
It acts as a link between the Gram Panchayat and the Zila Parishad, ensuring smooth administration.

Question 7:
What is the role of the Gram Sabha in rural local government?
Answer:

The Gram Sabha is the foundation of grassroots democracy in rural areas. It consists of all adults in a village and plays a key role in decision-making.

Its functions include:

  • Approving the annual budget and development plans.
  • Monitoring the work of the Gram Panchayat.
  • Discussing issues like water, roads, and education.
The Gram Sabha ensures transparency and people's participation in governance.

Question 8:
Explain the structure of a Panchayat Samiti.
Answer:

The Panchayat Samiti is the intermediate level of rural local government, formed at the block level.

It includes:

  • Elected representatives from Gram Panchayats.
  • Members of the State Legislature and Parliament from the area.
  • Officials like the Block Development Officer (BDO).
It coordinates development activities like agriculture, health, and education across villages.

Question 9:
How does the Zila Parishad function in rural administration?
Answer:

The Zila Parishad is the highest level of rural local government, operating at the district level.

Its roles include:

  • Planning and executing district-level development projects.
  • Allocating funds to Panchayat Samitis and Gram Panchayats.
  • Supervising the work of lower tiers to ensure efficiency.
It acts as a link between the state government and local bodies.

Question 10:
Why is the Gram Panchayat important for village development?
Answer:

The Gram Panchayat is the executive body of the Gram Sabha and is crucial for village-level governance.

Its importance lies in:

  • Implementing welfare schemes like MNREGA and Swachh Bharat.
  • Maintaining infrastructure like roads, schools, and water supply.
  • Resolving local disputes and ensuring community participation.
It brings governance closer to the people.

Question 11:
Describe the election process for Gram Panchayat members.
Answer:

Elections for the Gram Panchayat are held every five years under the supervision of the State Election Commission.

The process includes:

  • Villagers elect Ward Members from their areas.
  • The Ward Members then elect a Sarpanch (head) and Deputy Sarpanch.
  • Reserved seats ensure representation for SC/ST, OBC, and women.
This ensures fair and inclusive governance.

Long Answer (5 Marks) – with Solutions (CBSE Pattern)

These 5-mark questions are descriptive and require detailed, structured answers with proper explanation and examples.

Question 1:
Explain the three-tier system of Panchayati Raj with examples from your textbook.
Answer:
Historical Context

We studied that the Panchayati Raj system was introduced in 1992 to strengthen rural democracy. Our textbook shows it has three levels.

Key Developments
  • Gram Panchayat: Village-level (e.g., decisions on local wells)
  • Panchayat Samiti: Block-level (e.g., building schools)
  • Zila Parishad: District-level (e.g., health programs)
Current Relevance

Today, this system helps villages like Ralegan Siddhi manage water conservation projects.

Question 2:
How does the Gram Sabha ensure grassroots democracy? Give NCERT examples.
Answer:
Historical Context

The Gram Sabha includes all adult villagers. Our textbook mentions it approves plans like road repairs.

Key Developments
  • Discusses budgets (e.g., Kerala’s people’s planning)
  • Elects Gram Panchayat members (e.g., elections in Rajasthan)
  • Monitors work (e.g., Madhya Pradesh’s transparency laws)
Socio-economic Impact

It empowers women and marginalized groups, as seen in Tamil Nadu’s self-help groups.

Question 3:
Describe the role of a Sarpanch in rural governance with real-life cases.
Answer:
Historical Context

The Sarpanch leads the Gram Panchayat. Our textbook shows they coordinate projects like NREGA.

Key Developments
  • Chairs meetings (e.g., Andhra Pradesh’s solar light initiative)
  • Manages funds (e.g., Gujarat’s toilet construction)
  • Represents villagers (e.g., Odisha’s cyclone relief)
Current Relevance

Today, Sarpanches like Chhavi Rajawat (Rajasthan) inspire youth participation.

Question 4:
Compare the functions of Panchayat Samiti and Zila Parishad using NCERT examples.
Answer:
Historical Context

Both bodies work under Panchayati Raj. Our textbook explains their different roles.

Key Developments
Panchayat SamitiZila Parishad
Manages blocks (e.g., Haryana’s crop schemes)Coordinates districts (e.g., Karnataka’s school meals)
Socio-economic Impact

They ensure resources reach villages, like Maharashtra’s water pipelines.

Question 5:
Why is women’s reservation important in Panchayats? Cite three examples.
Answer:
Historical Context

Since 1993, 1/3 seats are reserved for women. Our textbook highlights its success.

Key Developments
  • West Bengal: Women led sanitation drives
  • Kerala: Increased girl-child education
  • Bihar: Reduced domestic violence cases
Current Relevance

Today, leaders like Kavita Devi (Uttar Pradesh) prove its impact.

Question 6:
How do Gram Sabhas ensure grassroots democracy? Give three examples.
Answer:
Historical Context

Gram Sabhas are village meetings where all adults participate. We learned they promote transparency.

Key Developments
  • Approving Panchayat budgets (e.g., Rajasthan's Jan Sunwai).
  • Monitoring welfare schemes (e.g., MNREGA in Bihar).
  • Resolving disputes (e.g., land conflicts in Odisha).
Socio-economic Impact

Our textbook mentions how Gram Sabhas empower women, like in Tamil Nadu's Mahalir Thittam.

Question 7:
Describe the role of a Sarpanch in a Gram Panchayat with NCERT examples.
Answer:
Historical Context

The Sarpanch is elected to lead the Gram Panchayat. We studied their responsibilities in class.

Key Developments
  • Implementing projects (e.g., Gujarat's Swachh Bharat toilets).
  • Conducting Gram Sabha meetings (e.g., Andhra Pradesh).
  • Managing funds (e.g., Himachal's water supply schemes).
Current Relevance

Our textbook shows how Sarpanches like Chhavi Rajawat transformed villages.

Question 8:
Why are reservations important in Panchayati Raj? Provide three reasons.
Answer:
Historical Context

Reservations ensure marginalized groups get representation. We read about this in our NCERT book.

Key Developments
  • Women’s empowerment (e.g., 50% seats in Kerala).
  • SC/ST participation (e.g., Bihar's Mukhiya elections).
  • Inclusive development (e.g., Odisha's tribal welfare schemes).
Socio-economic Impact

Our textbook highlights success stories like Sushma Bhadra, a Dalit Sarpanch from West Bengal.

Question 9:
Compare the functions of Panchayat Samiti and Zila Parishad with examples.
Answer:
Historical Context

Both are part of the three-tier system, but their roles differ. We studied this in Chapter 5.

Key Developments
  • Panchayat Samiti: Coordinates blocks (e.g., Maharashtra's school mid-day meals).
  • Zila Parishad: Plans districts (e.g., UP's road construction).
Current Relevance

Our textbook shows how Zila Parishads helped during floods in Assam.

Question 10:
How do Gram Sabhas ensure people’s participation in rural governance? Give NCERT examples.
Answer:
Historical Context

Gram Sabhas are village meetings where adults discuss local issues. Our textbook mentions their role since ancient times.

Key Developments
  • Approving Panchayat plans (e.g., building toilets)
  • Monitoring projects (e.g., checking mid-day meal quality)
  • Electing leaders (e.g., selecting Sarpanch)
Socio-economic Impact

They empower women and marginalized groups, like in Kerala’s Kudumbashree program.

Question 11:
Describe the role of a Sarpanch in a Gram Panchayat with real-life cases.
Answer:
Historical Context

The Sarpanch leads the Gram Panchayat. Our textbook shows they’re elected by villagers.

Key Developments
  • Implementing schemes (e.g., Swachh Bharat in Rajasthan)
  • Managing funds (e.g., repairing ponds in Bihar)
  • Solving disputes (e.g., land conflicts in Odisha)
Current Relevance

During COVID-19, Sarpanches organized ration distribution, proving their importance.

Question 12:
Why is reservation for women important in Panchayats? Support with examples.
Answer:
Historical Context

Since 1993, 1/3rd seats are reserved for women. Our textbook highlights its impact.

Key Developments
  • Empowerment (e.g., women leaders in Bihar improving schools)
  • Inclusive decisions (e.g., Kerala’s women-led sanitation drives)
  • Role models (e.g., Chhavi Rajawat, India’s youngest Sarpanch)
Current Relevance

Today, states like MP have 50% reservation, boosting gender equality.

Question 13:
Explain the three-tier system of Panchayati Raj in rural areas. How does it help in strengthening grassroots democracy?
Answer:

The three-tier system of Panchayati Raj is a decentralized form of governance in rural India, consisting of:

  • Gram Panchayat (Village Level): It is the basic unit that manages local issues like sanitation, water supply, and minor disputes.
  • Panchayat Samiti (Block Level): It coordinates activities of multiple Gram Panchayats and implements development schemes.
  • Zila Parishad (District Level): It oversees all Panchayat Samitis in a district and plans for larger projects like roads and schools.

This system strengthens grassroots democracy by:

  • Ensuring people's participation in decision-making.
  • Promoting local leadership and accountability.
  • Addressing rural needs effectively through decentralized planning.

For example, villagers can directly approach their Gram Panchayat to solve problems, making governance more accessible.

Question 14:
Describe the roles and responsibilities of a Sarpanch in a Gram Panchayat. How does this position contribute to rural development?
Answer:

The Sarpanch is the elected head of a Gram Panchayat and plays a crucial role in rural development. Key responsibilities include:

  • Presiding over meetings to discuss village issues like roads, schools, and health centers.
  • Implementing government schemes such as MNREGA or Swachh Bharat Abhiyan at the local level.
  • Managing funds allocated for development projects and ensuring transparency.
  • Resolving disputes among villagers to maintain harmony.

The Sarpanch contributes to rural development by:

  • Acting as a bridge between the government and villagers, ensuring policies reach the grassroots.
  • Encouraging community participation in decision-making, fostering collective responsibility.
  • Prioritizing local needs, such as clean drinking water or better irrigation facilities.

For instance, a proactive Sarpanch might mobilize villagers to build a check dam to improve water availability, directly impacting agriculture and livelihoods.

Question 15:
Explain the three-tier system of Panchayati Raj in rural areas. How does it ensure grassroots democracy?
Answer:

The three-tier system of Panchayati Raj is a decentralized form of governance in rural India, consisting of:

  • Gram Panchayat: The lowest level, governing a village or group of villages. It handles local issues like sanitation, water supply, and minor disputes.
  • Panchayat Samiti: The intermediate level, covering a block of villages. It coordinates development projects and allocates resources.
  • Zila Parishad: The highest level, overseeing the entire district. It plans and implements larger schemes like education and healthcare.

This system ensures grassroots democracy by giving power to local people. Elected representatives make decisions close to the community, ensuring transparency and participation. Regular elections and reserved seats for women, SCs, and STs promote inclusivity.

Question 16:
Describe the roles and responsibilities of a Sarpanch in a Gram Panchayat. How does this role contribute to rural development?
Answer:

The Sarpanch is the elected head of a Gram Panchayat and plays a crucial role in rural development. Their responsibilities include:

  • Presiding over meetings: The Sarpanch leads discussions and ensures decisions are made democratically.
  • Implementing development projects: They oversee initiatives like road construction, school maintenance, and healthcare facilities.
  • Managing funds: The Sarpanch ensures proper utilization of grants and budgets for village welfare.
  • Resolving disputes: They act as a mediator in local conflicts to maintain harmony.

This role contributes to rural development by:

  • Ensuring efficient use of resources for community benefits.
  • Encouraging active participation of villagers in governance.
  • Promoting transparency and accountability in local administration.

For instance, a Sarpanch might organize awareness campaigns on sanitation, leading to a cleaner and healthier village.

Question 17:
Describe the role of a Gram Sabha in the functioning of a Gram Panchayat. How does it empower villagers?
Answer:

The Gram Sabha is a key part of the Gram Panchayat, consisting of all adult villagers. Its roles include:

  • Approving the Gram Panchayat's annual plans and budgets.
  • Monitoring the implementation of development projects.
  • Discussing issues like land use, welfare schemes, and local disputes.

It empowers villagers by giving them a direct voice in decision-making. Through open meetings, villagers can demand accountability, suggest improvements, and ensure their needs are met. This strengthens grassroots democracy by making governance transparent and participatory.

Question 18:
Describe the roles and responsibilities of the Sarpanch in a Gram Panchayat. How does the Sarpanch contribute to rural development?
Answer:

The Sarpanch is the elected head of the Gram Panchayat and plays a crucial role in rural governance. Key responsibilities include:

  • Presiding over Gram Panchayat meetings and ensuring decisions are implemented.
  • Managing funds for local development projects like roads, schools, and health centers.
  • Representing the village in higher-level meetings like the Panchayat Samiti.
  • Resolving disputes among villagers and maintaining harmony.

The Sarpanch contributes to rural development by:

  • Prioritizing projects based on villagers' needs, such as clean water or better schools.
  • Encouraging community participation in welfare programs like Swachh Bharat Abhiyan.
  • Ensuring transparency in fund utilization to avoid corruption.

For instance, a proactive Sarpanch can improve education by building new classrooms or organizing adult literacy programs.

Question 19:
Explain the three-tier system of Panchayati Raj in rural areas. Describe the roles and responsibilities of each tier in detail.
Answer:

The three-tier system of Panchayati Raj is a decentralized form of governance in rural India, established to ensure local participation in development. The three tiers are:

  • Gram Panchayat (Village Level): This is the lowest tier, responsible for local administration. It handles tasks like maintaining roads, sanitation, and water supply. The Gram Sabha, consisting of all adult villagers, approves plans and monitors work.
  • Panchayat Samiti (Block Level): This intermediate tier coordinates activities of multiple Gram Panchayats. It focuses on development projects like agriculture, education, and health. Funds are allocated here for village-level schemes.
  • Zila Parishad (District Level): The highest tier oversees the Panchayat Samitis. It prepares district-wide plans, implements state and central government schemes, and ensures proper fund utilization.

This system empowers villagers by giving them a voice in decision-making, ensuring grassroots democracy.

Question 20:
How does the Gram Sabha function as the foundation of grassroots democracy? Discuss its importance in the Panchayati Raj system with examples.
Answer:

The Gram Sabha is the backbone of grassroots democracy as it includes all adult villagers who participate directly in decision-making. Its functions include:

  • Approving Plans: The Gram Sabha discusses and approves development plans like road construction or school repairs proposed by the Gram Panchayat.
  • Monitoring Work: It ensures transparency by reviewing the progress of projects and utilization of funds. For example, if a well is built, the Gram Sabha verifies its quality.
  • Social Justice: It addresses local issues like disputes or welfare schemes, ensuring fair distribution of resources.

Without the Gram Sabha, the Panchayati Raj system would lack accountability. For instance, in Kerala, Gram Sabhas have successfully implemented waste management programs by involving villagers. This shows how grassroots democracy strengthens local governance.

Case-based Questions (4 Marks) – with Solutions (CBSE Pattern)

These 4-mark case-based questions assess analytical skills through real-life scenarios. Answers must be based on the case study provided.

Question 1:
In Panchayati Raj, the Gram Sabha plays a key role. Case Context: A village plans to build a well.
How does the Gram Sabha ensure grassroots democracy here? Give NCERT examples.
Answer:

We studied that the Gram Sabha includes all adults in a village. They discuss projects like building wells and approve funds. Historical/Geographical Analysis: Our textbook shows Rajasthan villages using Gram Sabha to solve water shortages. Current Relevance: In Kerala, Gram Sabhas decide on welfare schemes.

  • Example 1: Fixing roads
  • Example 2: Planting trees
  • Example 3: Distributing seeds
Question 2:
Case Context: A Panchayat receives funds for a school.
How do three-tier systems (like Zila Parishad) help in fair resource distribution? Use NCERT examples.
Answer:

The three-tier system includes village, block, and district levels. Zila Parishad ensures funds reach schools evenly. Historical/Geographical Analysis: In Karnataka, Panchayats built schools in remote areas. Current Relevance: Odisha uses this for cyclone relief.

  • Example 1: Mid-day meals
  • Example 2: Toilet construction
  • Example 3: Scholarship funds
Question 3:
A Sarpanch resolves a land dispute. Case Context: Farmers argue over irrigation water.
How does local government solve such issues? Refer to NCERT.
Answer:

We learned that Sarpanches mediate conflicts using Gram Panchayat meetings. Historical/Geographical Analysis: In Punjab, Panchayats divided canal water fairly. Current Relevance: Maharashtra Panchayats handle drought complaints.

  • Example 1: Sharing wells
  • Example 2: Crop rotation rules
  • Example 3: Forest land use
Question 4:
Case Context: A Gram Panchayat launches a cleanliness drive.
How do grassroots initiatives like Swachh Bharat benefit villages? Include NCERT cases.
Answer:

Gram Panchayats organize drives to build toilets and waste pits. Historical/Geographical Analysis: Our textbook mentions Sikkim’s plastic ban by Panchayats. Current Relevance: Gujarat villages use Swachh Bharat funds for compost pits.

  • Example 1: Dustbins in streets
  • Example 2: Drain cleaning
  • Example 3: Awareness rallies
Question 5:
In our village, the Gram Panchayat plans to build a new well. Case Context: Describe how decisions like this are made in a Gram Sabha. Also, explain the roles of the Sarpanch and Panchayat members in this process.
Answer:

Case Context: In a Gram Sabha, villagers discuss and approve projects like building wells. Historical/Geographical Analysis: Our textbook shows examples from Rajasthan where Gram Sabhas solved water scarcity. Current Relevance: In Kerala, Panchayats built rainwater harvesting systems. The Sarpanch leads meetings, while Panchayat members implement decisions. We studied how this ensures everyone’s needs are heard.

Question 6:
A Block Samiti oversees multiple villages. Case Context: How does it help in rural development? Compare its functions with the Zila Parishad using NCERT examples.
Answer:

Case Context: The Block Samiti coordinates schools and roads across villages. Historical/Geographical Analysis: In Maharashtra, it improved farm markets. Current Relevance: Odisha’s Samitis run health camps. Unlike Zila Parishad, which manages district budgets, Block Samiti focuses on local projects. We studied how both work together for development.

Question 7:
Farmers in a Panchayat want better seeds. Case Context: How can the Gram Panchayat and State Government work together? Give examples of such schemes.
Answer:

Case Context: The Gram Panchayat can request seeds from state schemes. Historical/Geographical Analysis: In Punjab, Panchayats distributed high-yield seeds. Current Relevance: Telangana’s Rythu Bandhu gives farmers subsidies. We studied how Panchayats link villagers to government help.

Question 8:
A village lacks electricity. Case Context: Explain how local government and central schemes like Saubhagya can solve this. Use NCERT examples.
Answer:

Case Context: Panchayats identify households needing power. Historical/Geographical Analysis: Bihar’s Panchayats helped install solar panels. Current Relevance: Saubhagya scheme provided meters in Uttar Pradesh. We studied how teamwork between local and central governments lights up villages.

Question 9:
In our village, the Gram Panchayat decided to build a new well. Case Context: Describe how decisions like this are made in a Gram Sabha. Also, explain one benefit of such local self-government.
Answer:
Case Context:

We studied that Gram Sabha includes all adults in the village who discuss and approve plans like building wells. Decisions are taken by majority vote.

Historical/Geographical Analysis:
  • Our textbook shows examples like Kerala's People's Plan Campaign where villagers decided on water projects.
Current Relevance:

Local decisions ensure needs are met faster, like in Rajasthan's Jal Swavlamban scheme for water conservation.

Question 10:
The Panchayat Samiti in our district organizes health camps. Case Context: What role does the Panchayat Samiti play in rural areas? Give one example of its work from NCERT.
Answer:
Case Context:

The Panchayat Samiti coordinates projects like health camps for multiple villages under it.

Historical/Geographical Analysis:
  • In NCERT, West Bengal's Panchayat Samiti built cyclone shelters after disasters.
Current Relevance:

Recently, Odisha's Samitis distributed seeds during droughts, showing their importance.

Question 11:
A Zila Parishad approved a new school bus for remote villages. Case Context: How does the Zila Parishad help in education? Name one similar example from your textbook.
Answer:
Case Context:

The Zila Parishad funds district-level projects like school buses to improve access to education.

Historical/Geographical Analysis:
  • Our textbook mentions Maharashtra's Zila Parishad providing midday meals in schools.
Current Relevance:

In 2023, Bihar's Parishads introduced e-learning vans for rural students.

Question 12:
During elections, our Gram Panchayat ensured fair voting. Case Context: Explain one way grassroots democracy strengthens voting. Compare it to a historical example.
Answer:
Case Context:

Grassroots democracy lets villagers elect leaders directly, ensuring transparency.

Historical/Geographical Analysis:
  • In 1993, Rajasthan's Panchayati Raj reforms reserved seats for women, boosting participation.
Current Relevance:

Today, Kerala uses Gram Sabhas to monitor election fairness, like in 2021 local polls.

Question 13:
In a village, the Gram Panchayat is planning to build a new community hall. However, some villagers are unhappy because they believe the funds could be used for better water supply instead.

How can the Gram Sabha help resolve this issue? Explain the role of Grassroots Democracy in this situation.

Answer:

The Gram Sabha plays a crucial role in resolving such conflicts by ensuring participatory decision-making. Here’s how it can help:

  • Discussion Platform: The Gram Sabha provides a space for villagers to openly discuss their concerns about the community hall vs. water supply.
  • Voting: Members can vote to decide which project should be prioritized, ensuring democratic fairness.
  • Transparency: The Gram Panchayat must explain the budget allocation, helping villagers understand the feasibility of both projects.

This reflects Grassroots Democracy as it empowers local people to make decisions that directly affect their lives.

Question 14:
A Panchayat Secretary notices that many villagers are unaware of their rights to participate in Gram Sabha meetings.

Suggest two ways the Panchayat can raise awareness and explain why such participation is important for local governance.

Answer:

The Panchayat can raise awareness through:

  • Door-to-Door Campaigns: Members can personally inform villagers about upcoming meetings and their rights.
  • Public Announcements: Using loudspeakers or posters in common areas to highlight the importance of participation.

Participation is important because:

  • It ensures inclusive decision-making, where everyone’s needs are considered.
  • It strengthens accountability, as villagers can question the Panchayat about fund usage and projects.

This fosters a stronger local governance system rooted in democracy.

Question 15:
In a village, the Gram Panchayat decided to build a new community well. However, some villagers disagreed, saying the funds should be used for repairing the school instead.

How can the Gram Sabha help resolve this issue? Explain the role of Grassroots Democracy in such decision-making.

Answer:

The Gram Sabha, which includes all adult villagers, plays a crucial role in resolving such conflicts. Here's how it helps:

  • Discussion Platform: The Gram Sabha provides a space for open discussions where villagers can express their opinions about the well or school repairs.
  • Democratic Decision: Through voting or consensus, the Gram Sabha ensures the final decision reflects the majority's choice, upholding Grassroots Democracy.
  • Transparency: The Gram Panchayat must explain the budget and priorities, ensuring villagers understand the reasons behind the decision.

This process strengthens local governance by involving people directly in development choices.

Question 16:
A Panchayat Samiti noticed that many villages under its block lacked proper waste management systems.

Describe two steps the Panchayat Samiti can take to address this issue and explain how local government ensures sustainable development in rural areas.

Answer:

The Panchayat Samiti can take the following steps:

  • Awareness Campaigns: Organize meetings to educate villagers about waste segregation and composting, promoting community participation.
  • Infrastructure Setup: Allocate funds to install dustbins and waste collection points in villages for proper disposal.

Local government ensures sustainable development by:

  • Involving villagers in planning, making solutions practical and long-lasting.
  • Using local resources efficiently, like turning organic waste into compost for farming.

This approach balances immediate needs with future environmental care.

Question 17:
In a village, the Gram Panchayat is planning to build a new community well. Describe the steps they must follow under grassroots democracy to ensure the project is approved and executed properly. Also, explain the role of the Gram Sabha in this process.
Answer:

The Gram Panchayat must follow these steps to build a community well under grassroots democracy:

  • Proposal Discussion: The Gram Panchayat presents the plan in a Gram Sabha meeting, where villagers discuss its need and feasibility.
  • Approval: The Gram Sabha approves the project by majority vote, ensuring democratic decision-making.
  • Budget Allocation: Funds are allocated from the Panchayat budget or government schemes like MGNREGA.
  • Implementation: The Gram Panchayat oversees construction, ensuring transparency and quality.

The Gram Sabha plays a key role by:

  • Reviewing and approving proposals.
  • Monitoring progress to prevent misuse of funds.
  • Ensuring the well benefits all villagers, especially marginalized groups.

This process reflects participatory democracy, where locals actively shape development.

Question 18:
A village lacks proper waste management, causing health hazards. How can the Gram Panchayat and Gram Sabha work together to solve this issue? Mention the importance of public participation in local governance.
Answer:

The Gram Panchayat and Gram Sabha can collaborate to improve waste management as follows:

  • Awareness Campaigns: The Gram Sabha educates villagers on waste segregation and hygiene through meetings.
  • Infrastructure Setup: The Panchayat allocates funds for dustbins and composting pits.
  • Volunteer Teams: Villagers form groups to monitor cleanliness and report issues to the Panchayat.

Public participation is vital because:

  • It ensures solutions match local needs (e.g., composting for farming villages).
  • Collective responsibility increases compliance (e.g., fewer littering cases).
  • Transparency in spending builds trust in the Panchayat.

Such efforts strengthen decentralized governance, where communities drive change.

Question 19:
In a village, the Gram Panchayat is planning to build a new community hall. However, some villagers are opposing it due to the high cost. As a responsible citizen, suggest how the Gram Sabha can resolve this issue democratically. Explain the role of Gram Sabha in this process.
Answer:

The Gram Sabha plays a crucial role in resolving such disputes democratically. Here's how it can help:

  • Discussion and Participation: The Gram Sabha can organize a meeting where all villagers, including those opposing the project, can voice their concerns. This ensures transparency and inclusivity.
  • Voting: If disagreements persist, the Gram Sabha can hold a vote to decide whether the project should proceed. This reflects the principle of majority rule while respecting minority opinions.
  • Alternative Solutions: The Gram Sabha can explore cost-effective alternatives, such as reducing the hall's size or seeking government grants, to address financial concerns.

The Gram Sabha ensures that decisions are made collectively, upholding the spirit of grassroots democracy.

Question 20:
A village lacks proper sanitation facilities, and the Gram Panchayat has not taken any action despite repeated complaints. Describe the steps the villagers can take to address this issue through the local government system. Mention the importance of public participation in solving such problems.
Answer:

Villagers can take the following steps to address the sanitation issue:

  • Raise Awareness: Organize a meeting in the Gram Sabha to discuss the problem and gather support from fellow villagers.
  • Submit a Petition: Prepare a written complaint signed by multiple villagers and submit it to the Gram Panchayat, demanding immediate action.
  • Follow-Up: If the Gram Panchayat still doesn't act, escalate the issue to the Block Development Officer (BDO) or higher authorities.

Public participation is vital because:

  • It ensures that the Gram Panchayat remains accountable to the people.
  • Collective action increases the chances of prompt resolution, as authorities are more likely to respond to united demands.
  • It strengthens grassroots democracy by empowering villagers to actively shape their community's development.
Question 21:
In a village, the Gram Panchayat is planning to build a new community well. Describe the steps they must follow under the Panchayati Raj System to ensure proper decision-making and implementation.
Answer:

The Gram Panchayat must follow these steps to build a community well under the Panchayati Raj System:

  • Step 1: Hold a Gram Sabha meeting to discuss the need for the well and gather villagers' opinions.
  • Step 2: The Gram Panchayat prepares a proposal, including cost estimates and location details.
  • Step 3: The proposal is approved by the Gram Sabha through voting.
  • Step 4: Funds are allocated from the Panchayat's budget or requested from higher authorities like the Zila Parishad.
  • Step 5: Tenders are invited for construction, and a contractor is selected transparently.
  • Step 6: The well is built, and its progress is monitored by the Gram Panchayat.
  • Step 7: After completion, the well is inaugurated and maintained by the Panchayat.

This process ensures grassroots democracy and community participation.

Question 22:
A village lacks proper waste management, leading to health issues. Explain how the Gram Panchayat can address this problem under the 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act.
Answer:

The Gram Panchayat can address waste management using its powers under the 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act:

  • Step 1: Conduct a Gram Sabha meeting to raise awareness about waste disposal and its health impacts.
  • Step 2: Form a committee to design a waste collection system, like assigning Safai Karmacharis (cleanliness workers).
  • Step 3: Set up dustbins and composting pits in the village with funds from the Panchayat budget.
  • Step 4: Educate villagers on segregating wet and dry waste through campaigns.
  • Step 5: Impose fines for littering, if necessary, using the Panchayat's authority.
  • Step 6: Monitor the system regularly and improve it based on feedback.

This approach ensures cleanliness and aligns with the decentralized governance principle of the Amendment.

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