Tertiary and Quaternary Activities – Class 12 Geography

Chapter Overview

Tertiary and Quaternary activities are service-based economic activities that support the functioning of primary and secondary sectors and contribute to overall development. Tertiary activities include transport, communication, trade, and services like banking and education. Quaternary activities involve intellectual services such as research, development, planning, and information technology. This chapter explains the nature, scope, and global distribution of these service sectors.

Important Keywords

• Tertiary Activities: Service-oriented activities like transport, trade, tourism, and communication.
• Quaternary Activities: Intellectual and knowledge-based services such as IT, research, and education.
• Quinary Activities: High-level decision-making roles like top executives, government officials.
• Retail Trading: Direct sale of goods to consumers in small quantities.
• Transport Services: Movement of goods and people through roads, railways, air, and waterways.
• Communication: Exchange of information through various media like postal services, internet, and telephone.
• Tourism: Travel for leisure, recreation, or business contributing to the economy.