CBSE Class 12 Geography – Primary Activities

Chapter Overview

Primary activities involve direct extraction and production of natural resources—land, water, vegetation, minerals —such as hunting, gathering, farming, fishing, forestry, animal husbandry, mining, and quarrying. This chapter explores their types, methods, factors influencing distribution, and examples across regions. :contentReference[oaicite:0]{index=0}

Important Keywords

• Primary activities: Economic uses directly from environment—e.g. agriculture, fishing, mining. :contentReference[oaicite:1]{index=1}
• Red‑collar workers: Engage in outdoor primary sector jobs. :contentReference[oaicite:2]{index=2}
• Subsistence agriculture: Primitive & intensive forms—meeting local needs. :contentReference[oaicite:3]{index=3}
• Commercial farming: Plantation, extensive grain, mixed, dairy, market gardening. :contentReference[oaicite:4]{index=4}
• Pastoralism: Nomadic/transhumant herding and ranching. :contentReference[oaicite:5]{index=5}
• Gathering & hunting: Oldest subsistence methods; some now commercial. :contentReference[oaicite:6]{index=6}
• Forestry & fishing: Sustainable harvesting of timber and aquatic life. :contentReference[oaicite:7]{index=7}
• Mining & quarrying: Extraction of minerals; surface vs underground methods. :contentReference[oaicite:8]{index=8}