CBSE Class 12 Physics – Electric Charges and Fields

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Study Materials

12th

12th - Physics

Electric Charges and Fields

Chapter Overview

This chapter explores the foundation of electrostatics. Starting with definitions and properties of electric charges (positive, negative, conservation, quantization), it builds into Coulomb’s law and interactions between charges. It then introduces electric fields, field lines, superposition, electric flux, Gauss’s law, and dipoles—providing insight into fundamental interactions in nature and modern technologies.

Important Keywords

  • Electric Charge: A property causing electric interactions.
  • Coulomb’s Law: Force between two point charges.
  • Electric Field (E): Force per unit charge at a point.
  • Electric Flux (Φ): Field passing through a surface.
  • Gauss’s Law: Flux through closed surface = qa/ε₀.
  • Electric Dipole: Two equal opposite charges separated by distance.
  • Dipole Moment (p): m = q·2a, torque τ = pE sinθ.
  • Superposition Principle: Combine fields from multiple charges.

Detailed Notes

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