The Making of a Scientist – CBSE NCERT Study Resources

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The Making of a Scientist

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10th

10th - English (Footprints Without Feet)

The Making of a Scientist

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Overview of the Chapter

The chapter The Making of a Scientist from the CBSE Grade 10 English textbook Footprints Without Feet narrates the inspiring journey of Richard Ebright, a young boy who grows up to become a renowned scientist. The story highlights his curiosity, perseverance, and passion for science, which lead him to make significant discoveries in the field of biology.

Key Theme: The chapter emphasizes how curiosity, hard work, and dedication can shape a person's career and lead to groundbreaking achievements in science.

Summary of the Chapter

The chapter begins with Richard Ebright's childhood, where his fascination with butterflies and insects sparks his interest in science. His mother plays a crucial role by encouraging his curiosity and providing him with books and tools for exploration. Ebright's journey takes a significant turn when he starts participating in science fairs and conducts experiments, eventually leading to his discovery of a hormone necessary for the growth of monarch butterflies.

Important Events

  • Richard Ebright's early interest in collecting butterflies and insects.
  • His mother's support in nurturing his scientific curiosity.
  • His participation in science fairs and winning awards for his projects.
  • The discovery of the hormone that controls the growth of monarch butterflies.
  • His recognition as a scientist and contributions to the field of biology.

Scientific Achievement: Ebright's research on monarch butterflies led to the identification of a hormone that plays a critical role in their development, earning him accolades in the scientific community.

Character Analysis

Richard Ebright: A determined and inquisitive young boy who transforms his childhood hobby into a successful scientific career. His perseverance and analytical skills set him apart.

Ebright's Mother: A supportive figure who recognizes her son's potential and provides him with the resources and encouragement needed to pursue his passion.

Moral of the Story

The chapter teaches that passion, coupled with hard work and the right guidance, can lead to extraordinary accomplishments. It inspires students to follow their interests with dedication and curiosity.

All Question Types with Solutions – CBSE Exam Pattern

Explore a complete set of CBSE-style questions with detailed solutions, categorized by marks and question types. Ideal for exam preparation, revision and practice.

Very Short Answer (1 Mark) – with Solutions (CBSE Pattern)

These are 1-mark questions requiring direct, concise answers. Ideal for quick recall and concept clarity.

Question 1:
What is the main theme of The Making of a Scientist?
Answer:

Curiosity and perseverance lead to scientific discovery.

Question 2:
Who is the author of The Making of a Scientist?
Answer:

Robert W. Peterson.

Question 3:
What inspired Richard Ebright to study butterflies?
Answer:

His mother's gift of a book on butterflies.

Question 4:
What was Richard Ebright's first scientific discovery?
Answer:

How monarch butterflies migrate.

Question 5:
Name the award Richard won for his butterfly project.
Answer:

The Searle Scholar Award.

Question 6:
What role did Ebright's mother play in his success?
Answer:

She encouraged his curiosity and learning.

Question 7:
Which theory did Ebright disprove in his research?
Answer:

The gold spot theory on monarch pupae.

Question 8:
What was the title of Ebright's science fair project?
Answer:

How Monarch Butterflies Migrate.

Question 9:
What did Ebright study at Harvard University?
Answer:

Biochemistry and molecular biology.

Question 10:
What lesson does Ebright's story teach students?
Answer:

Hard work and curiosity lead to success.

Question 11:
What hobby helped Ebright in his scientific career?
Answer:

Collecting butterflies and insects.

Question 12:
What was Ebright's contribution to DNA research?
Answer:

He discovered how cells read DNA.

Question 13:
Which insect did Ebright study for his project?
Answer:

Monarch butterflies.

Question 14:
Why did Ebright lose interest in tagging butterflies?
Answer:

He wanted to explore deeper scientific questions.

Question 15:
What was the name of the book that inspired Richard Ebright to become a scientist?
Answer:

The book was titled 'The Travels of Monarch X'. It introduced Richard to the fascinating world of monarch butterflies and sparked his curiosity in science.

Question 16:
What was the first experiment Richard Ebright conducted as a child?
Answer:

Richard's first experiment was to test whether viceroy butterflies mimic monarch butterflies to avoid predators. He observed their behavior and patterns closely.

Question 17:
Who was Richard Ebright's mentor and how did he help him?
Answer:

Dr. Frederick A. Urquhart was Richard's mentor. He guided Richard in his research on monarch butterflies and provided him with valuable insights and encouragement.

Question 18:
What discovery did Richard Ebright make about the monarch butterfly's spots?
Answer:

Richard discovered that the gold spots on a monarch pupa release a hormone necessary for the butterfly's full development. This was a significant finding in the study of insect hormones.

Question 19:
Why did Richard Ebright start tagging butterflies?
Answer:

Richard started tagging butterflies to track their migration patterns. This was part of a larger project initiated by Dr. Urquhart to study monarch butterfly migration.

Question 20:
What was the significance of Richard Ebright's research on the monarch butterfly?
Answer:

His research provided new insights into the life cycle and migration patterns of monarch butterflies, contributing to the broader understanding of insect biology and behavior.

Question 21:
How did Richard Ebright's mother support his interest in science?
Answer:

Richard's mother encouraged his curiosity by buying him books, telescopes, and other scientific tools. She also took him on trips to collect specimens and explore nature.

Question 22:
What role did curiosity play in Richard Ebright's success?
Answer:

Curiosity drove Richard to ask questions, conduct experiments, and seek answers. It was the foundation of his scientific mindset and eventual success.

Question 23:
What award did Richard Ebright win at the county science fair?
Answer:

Richard won the first prize at the county science fair for his project on the monarch butterfly's life cycle.

Question 24:
What was the purpose of Richard Ebright's experiment with the hormone?
Answer:

The experiment aimed to understand how the hormone released by the gold spots on a monarch pupa affects the butterfly's development. It revealed the hormone's critical role in the process.

Question 25:
How did Richard Ebright's school contribute to his scientific journey?
Answer:

His school provided opportunities like science fairs and competitions, which allowed Richard to showcase his research and gain recognition for his work.

Question 26:
What lesson can students learn from Richard Ebright's story?
Answer:

Students can learn the importance of curiosity, hard work, and perseverance in achieving success. Richard's story shows that passion and dedication can lead to remarkable discoveries.

Very Short Answer (2 Marks) – with Solutions (CBSE Pattern)

These 2-mark questions test key concepts in a brief format. Answers are expected to be accurate and slightly descriptive.

Question 1:
What was the childhood passion of Richard Ebright that led him to become a scientist?
Answer:

Richard Ebright's childhood passion was collecting butterflies. His keen interest in observing and studying them laid the foundation for his future scientific pursuits.

Question 2:
How did Ebright's mother contribute to his scientific curiosity?
Answer:

Ebright's mother encouraged his curiosity by buying him books, telescopes, and microscopes. She also supported his experiments and provided him with the necessary resources to explore science.

Question 3:
What was the significance of the gold spots on monarch pupae in Ebright's research?
Answer:

The gold spots on monarch pupae were significant because Ebright discovered they produced a hormone essential for the butterfly's full development. This finding was a breakthrough in his research.

Question 4:
Name the book that inspired Ebright to study butterflies in detail.
Answer:

The book that inspired Ebright was The Travels of Monarch X. It deepened his fascination with butterflies and motivated him to conduct further research.

Question 5:
What role did Dr. Urquhart play in Ebright's scientific journey?
Answer:

Dr. Urquhart, a scientist, guided Ebright by involving him in tagging butterflies for research. This experience helped Ebright develop a scientific approach to his studies.

Question 6:
How did Ebright's study of monarch butterflies lead to a new theory?
Answer:

Ebright's study revealed that cells from monarch pupae could grow into normal butterfly wings only if they were fed the hormone from the gold spots. This led to his new theory on cell growth.

Question 7:
What was the title of Ebright's award-winning project at the science fair?
Answer:

Ebright's award-winning project was titled "How Cells Read Their DNA". It showcased his deep understanding of cellular biology.

Question 8:
Why did Ebright start losing interest in tagging butterflies?
Answer:

Ebright lost interest in tagging butterflies because he realized it was tedious and didn't offer new challenges. He wanted to explore more complex scientific questions.

Question 9:
What lesson did Ebright learn from his failure at the county science fair?
Answer:

Ebright learned that real science requires more than just displaying specimens. It demands experimentation, analysis, and original thinking to succeed.

Question 10:
How did Ebright's curiosity about butterflies evolve into a broader scientific interest?
Answer:

Ebright's curiosity expanded from butterflies to cell biology and DNA as he sought answers to deeper questions. His experiments on hormone functions in pupae marked this transition.

Question 11:
What qualities of Ebright, as described in the chapter, make him a true scientist?
Answer:

Ebright exhibited qualities like curiosity, perseverance, creativity, and analytical thinking. His ability to ask questions and seek evidence-based answers defined him as a true scientist.

Short Answer (3 Marks) – with Solutions (CBSE Pattern)

These 3-mark questions require brief explanations and help assess understanding and application of concepts.

Question 1:
How did Richard Ebright's mother contribute to his success as a scientist?
Answer:

Richard Ebright's mother played a crucial role in his development as a scientist. She encouraged his curiosity by buying him books, telescopes, and microscopes. She also supported his experiments and ensured he had the resources needed for his scientific explorations. Her encouragement helped him develop a deep interest in biology and research from an early age.

Question 2:
What was the significance of the monarch butterflies in Ebright's research?
Answer:

Monarch butterflies were central to Ebright's research. He discovered that they migrate to Central America, which was a groundbreaking finding. His study of their life cycle and migration patterns earned him recognition in scientific circles. This work also led to his discovery of a hormone necessary for their growth.

Question 3:
Describe the role of Dr. Urquhart in Ebright's journey as a scientist.
Answer:

Dr. Urquhart, a scientist, inspired Ebright by involving him in his research on butterfly migration. He provided Ebright with tasks like tagging butterflies, which deepened his interest in science. Dr. Urquhart's guidance and mentorship were instrumental in shaping Ebright's scientific career.

Question 4:
How did Ebright's experiment with butterfly spots lead to a major scientific discovery?
Answer:

Ebright's experiment with butterfly spots revealed that they were not just for camouflage but played a role in attracting mates. This discovery challenged existing beliefs and showcased his ability to think critically. His work demonstrated the importance of observation and experimentation in scientific research.

Question 5:
What qualities of Richard Ebright made him a successful scientist?
Answer:

Richard Ebright possessed several qualities that contributed to his success:

  • Curiosity: He was always eager to learn and explore.
  • Perseverance: He conducted numerous experiments without giving up.
  • Observation: He paid close attention to details in nature.
  • Creativity: He thought outside the box to solve scientific problems.
These traits helped him achieve remarkable breakthroughs.

Question 6:
Explain how Ebright's high school science fair project paved the way for his future achievements.
Answer:

Ebright's high school science fair project on the hormonal basis of butterfly development won him top honors. This project demonstrated his ability to conduct original research and analyze data. The recognition he received boosted his confidence and opened doors for further opportunities in the scientific community.

Question 7:
How did Richard Ebright's childhood curiosity contribute to his success as a scientist?
Answer:

Richard Ebright's childhood curiosity played a crucial role in shaping his scientific career. His mother encouraged his interest in nature by buying him books and tools like telescopes and microscopes. This early exposure helped him develop a keen observation skill and a passion for experiments. His curiosity led him to collect butterflies and study their life cycles, which later became the foundation for his groundbreaking research on monarch butterflies and DNA.

Question 8:
What role did Dr. Urquhart play in Richard Ebright's scientific journey?
Answer:

Dr. Urquhart, a renowned scientist, played a pivotal role in Richard Ebright's scientific journey. He provided Ebright with a research project on monarch butterflies, which ignited his interest in scientific research. Dr. Urquhart's guidance and mentorship helped Ebright understand the importance of systematic observation and experimentation. This collaboration eventually led Ebright to discover the hormonal mechanism behind the monarch butterfly's development.

Question 9:
Explain the significance of the gold spot on monarch butterflies in Ebright's research.
Answer:

The gold spot on monarch butterflies was a key discovery in Richard Ebright's research. He found that this spot produced a hormone necessary for the butterfly's full development. This discovery was significant because it revealed how hormones control growth and development in insects. Ebright's work on the gold spot earned him recognition in the scientific community and paved the way for further research in developmental biology.

Question 10:
How did Ebright's school science fair project lead to a major scientific breakthrough?
Answer:

Ebright's school science fair project on monarch butterflies laid the groundwork for a major scientific breakthrough. His project involved studying the butterflies' migration patterns and life cycle. Through meticulous observation, he discovered the role of the gold spot and its hormonal function. This finding was later published in a scientific journal, showcasing how school projects can contribute to significant scientific discoveries when pursued with dedication.

Question 11:
What qualities of Richard Ebright make him a role model for aspiring scientists?
Answer:

Richard Ebright exemplifies several qualities that make him a role model for aspiring scientists. His curiosity, perseverance, and attention to detail are noteworthy. He never gave up on his experiments, even when faced with failures. His ability to think critically and ask the right questions led to groundbreaking discoveries. Additionally, his humility and willingness to learn from mentors like Dr. Urquhart highlight the importance of collaboration in science.

Question 12:
Describe the impact of Ebright's discovery on the field of biology.
Answer:

Ebright's discovery of the hormonal mechanism in monarch butterflies had a profound impact on the field of biology. It provided insights into how hormones regulate growth and development in insects, which can be applied to other species. His work also demonstrated the importance of basic research in advancing scientific knowledge. Ebright's findings inspired further studies in developmental biology and highlighted the potential of young scientists to contribute meaningfully to science.

Long Answer (5 Marks) – with Solutions (CBSE Pattern)

These 5-mark questions are descriptive and require detailed, structured answers with proper explanation and examples.

Question 1:
How did Richard Ebright's curiosity contribute to his success as a scientist?
Answer:
Introduction

Richard Ebright's curiosity was the foundation of his scientific journey, as highlighted in our textbook.


Argument 1
  • His early interest in collecting butterflies led him to deeper research.
  • He questioned why viceroy butterflies mimic monarchs, sparking his first experiment.

Argument 2
  • His curiosity drove him to study DNA and cell structures, winning science fairs.
  • Our textbook shows how his questions about hormone functions led to groundbreaking discoveries.

Conclusion

Ebright's relentless curiosity exemplifies how questioning nature fuels scientific breakthroughs.

Question 2:
Explain the role of experimentation in Richard Ebright's scientific journey.
Answer:
Introduction

Experimentation was key to Ebright's success, as we studied in 'The Making of a Scientist'.


Argument 1
  • He tested hypotheses, like how monarch butterflies develop spots, through controlled experiments.
  • His tagging of butterflies provided data on migration patterns.

Argument 2
  • Ebright's hormone experiments disproved existing theories, earning him recognition.
  • Our textbook mentions his DNA experiments, which laid the groundwork for future research.

Conclusion

His systematic experimentation proves that hands-on testing is vital for scientific validation.

Question 3:
How did mentorship shape Richard Ebright's career as a scientist?
Answer:
Introduction

Mentorship played a crucial role in Ebright's growth, as discussed in our NCERT chapter.


Argument 1
  • Dr. Urquhart guided his initial butterfly research, providing scientific direction.
  • His mother encouraged his curiosity, fostering a love for learning.

Argument 2
  • University professors helped him refine his experiments on hormones.
  • Our textbook shows how mentors provided resources like lab access and feedback.

Conclusion

Ebright's success underscores the importance of guidance in nurturing young scientists.

Question 4:
Describe the significance of scientific competitions in Ebright's life.
Answer:
Introduction

Science competitions were pivotal for Ebright, as we learned in the chapter.


Argument 1
  • Winning at county and state fairs validated his research on butterflies.
  • They provided platforms to present findings and gain feedback.

Argument 2
  • His Intel Science Talent Search win earned him recognition and scholarships.
  • Our textbook highlights how competitions motivated him to tackle complex problems.

Conclusion

These events fueled his ambition and connected him to the scientific community.

Question 5:
Why is perseverance essential for a scientist, as seen in Ebright's story?
Answer:
Introduction

Perseverance defined Ebright's journey, as emphasized in our NCERT lesson.


Argument 1
  • He repeated butterfly experiments despite failures, improving methods each time.
  • His 7-year study on monarchs showed unwavering dedication.

Argument 2
  • Ebright persisted in DNA research even when initial results were inconclusive.
  • Our textbook notes how his resilience led to breakthroughs in hormone studies.

Conclusion

His story teaches us that scientific progress demands patience and determination.

Question 6:
Describe the role of curiosity and experimentation in Richard Ebright's journey to becoming a scientist, as depicted in the chapter The Making of a Scientist. Support your answer with examples from the text.
Answer:

Richard Ebright's journey to becoming a scientist was driven by his curiosity and relentless experimentation, which are key qualities of a successful researcher. From a young age, Ebright displayed an inquisitive mind, collecting butterflies and other insects to study their patterns. His curiosity was further ignited when his mother gifted him a book titled The Travels of Monarch X, which introduced him to the world of scientific exploration.

One of the most notable examples of his experimentation was his project on monarch butterflies. Ebright hypothesized that these butterflies migrate to Central America and tested this by tagging their wings. His meticulous observations and experiments led him to discover a hormone necessary for their growth, earning him recognition in the scientific community.

Additionally, Ebright's participation in science fairs and his willingness to test unconventional ideas, such as the golden spot on monarch pupae, showcased his dedication to experimentation. His story teaches us that curiosity, combined with systematic experimentation, can lead to groundbreaking discoveries.

Question 7:
Explain how Richard Ebright's curiosity and experiments with monarch butterflies led him to become a successful scientist. Discuss the role of his mother and his competitive spirit in his journey.
Answer:

Richard Ebright developed a deep curiosity for monarch butterflies at an early age, which became the foundation of his scientific journey. His mother played a crucial role by encouraging his interest in learning. She brought him books, tools, and even helped him collect butterfly specimens, fostering his passion for science.

Ebright's experiments began with simple observations, but his competitive spirit drove him to conduct more advanced research. For example, he tested the theory that viceroy butterflies mimic monarchs to avoid predators. His meticulous work won him top prizes in science fairs, proving his dedication and analytical skills.

His breakthrough came when he discovered an unknown insect hormone while studying butterfly cells. This achievement highlighted how curiosity, perseverance, and a supportive environment can shape a successful scientist. Ebright's story teaches us that passion, hard work, and mentorship are key to achieving greatness in science.

Question 8:
Explain how Richard Ebright's childhood curiosity and experiments with butterflies laid the foundation for his journey as a scientist. Support your answer with examples from the chapter The Making of a Scientist.
Answer:

Richard Ebright's journey as a scientist began with his deep curiosity and love for butterflies during his childhood. His mother played a crucial role by encouraging his interests and providing him with books and tools for exploration. One of his earliest experiments involved raising monarch butterflies in his backyard, where he observed their life cycle meticulously. This hands-on experience helped him develop a scientific temperament.

For instance, when he was in second grade, he collected all 25 species of butterflies found in his hometown, showcasing his dedication. Later, he conducted an experiment to test whether viceroy butterflies mimic monarchs to avoid predators, which won him a prize at the county science fair. These small but significant steps, driven by curiosity, laid the foundation for his future scientific achievements, including his groundbreaking work on DNA and cell structures.

Thus, Ebright's childhood experiments were not just hobbies but the building blocks of his scientific career, proving that curiosity and perseverance are key to success in science.

Question 9:
Describe the role of curiosity and hard work in Richard Ebright's journey to becoming a scientist, as depicted in the chapter The Making of a Scientist. Support your answer with examples from the text.
Answer:

Richard Ebright's journey to becoming a scientist was driven by his curiosity and hard work, which played a pivotal role in his success. From a young age, Ebright displayed an insatiable curiosity about the natural world. For instance, he collected butterflies and other insects, not just as a hobby but to study their patterns and behaviors. His curiosity led him to ask questions and seek answers through experiments, such as his research on monarch butterflies and their migration patterns.

His hard work was equally important. Ebright spent countless hours in his basement laboratory, conducting experiments and meticulously recording his observations. One notable example is his work on the gold spots on monarch pupae, where he discovered their role in butterfly development. This discovery earned him recognition at science fairs and later in the scientific community.

Ebright's success was not just due to his intelligence but his relentless dedication. He read scientific books, sought guidance from experts like Dr. Urquhart, and never hesitated to put in the effort required to validate his hypotheses. His story teaches us that curiosity fuels discovery, while hard work turns ideas into achievements.

Question 10:
Describe the key qualities of Richard Ebright that contributed to his success as a scientist, as discussed in the chapter The Making of a Scientist. Support your answer with examples from the text.
Answer:

Richard Ebright possessed several qualities that played a crucial role in his journey to becoming a successful scientist. These qualities are highlighted in the chapter The Making of a Scientist and serve as an inspiration for young learners.

1. Curiosity and Observation: Ebright had an innate curiosity about the natural world. As a child, he collected butterflies, rocks, and fossils, showing a keen interest in biology. His observation skills were sharp, which helped him identify patterns and ask critical questions.

2. Perseverance: Despite initial failures, Ebright did not give up. For example, when his experiment on monarch butterflies did not yield immediate results, he continued his research with determination. His persistence led to groundbreaking discoveries.

3. Scientific Temperament: Ebright followed a systematic approach to research. He conducted controlled experiments, maintained detailed records, and analyzed data meticulously. His work on the gold spots on monarch pupae demonstrated his methodical thinking.

4. Guidance and Mentorship: Ebright benefited from the support of his mother and mentors like Dr. Urquhart. Their encouragement and guidance helped him refine his ideas and pursue scientific inquiry.

5. Competitive Spirit: Participating in science fairs and competitions pushed Ebright to excel. His projects, such as the study of hormones in butterfly development, showcased his ability to think innovatively and present his findings effectively.

In conclusion, Ebright's success stemmed from a combination of curiosity, hard work, scientific rigor, and supportive relationships. These qualities are essential for anyone aspiring to make significant contributions to science.

Question 11:
Explain how Richard Ebright's curiosity and perseverance played a crucial role in his journey of becoming a scientist, as described in the chapter The Making of a Scientist. Support your answer with examples from the text.
Answer:

Richard Ebright's journey to becoming a scientist was driven by his curiosity and perseverance, which are essential qualities for scientific inquiry. From a young age, he displayed an inquisitive mind, collecting butterflies and other insects, which laid the foundation for his scientific explorations.

One key example of his curiosity was his fascination with monarch butterflies. He didn’t just collect them; he wanted to understand their life cycle. This led him to conduct experiments, such as raising caterpillars and observing their transformation. His perseverance was evident when he didn’t give up despite initial failures, like his unsuccessful attempt to prove a theory about butterfly spots.

Another instance was his participation in the science fair. Instead of settling for simple projects, he chose challenging topics, like studying the hormonal regulation in butterfly development. His dedication to research and experimentation, even when faced with setbacks, highlights his perseverance.

Ultimately, his curiosity led him to discover the hormonal mechanism behind butterfly development, earning him recognition. His story teaches us that a combination of curiosity and perseverance can lead to groundbreaking discoveries in science.

Question 12:
Explain how Richard Ebright's childhood curiosity and experiments with monarch butterflies played a crucial role in shaping him into a successful scientist. Support your answer with examples from the chapter The Making of a Scientist.
Answer:

Richard Ebright's journey as a scientist began with his childhood curiosity and fascination for monarch butterflies. His mother encouraged his interest by bringing him books and tools, which fueled his passion for learning. At the age of eight, he started collecting butterflies and observed their life cycles closely. This hands-on experience laid the foundation for his scientific temperament.

One key example from the chapter is his experiment with monarch butterflies to test whether they would develop spots if fed on a particular diet. This experiment, though simple, demonstrated his early understanding of scientific inquiry. Later, his study of the gold spots on monarch pupae led him to discover a hormone necessary for their growth, earning him recognition at science fairs and beyond.

Ebright's curiosity wasn't limited to butterflies. He also explored other fields like biochemistry and molecular biology, showing how his early experiments broadened his scientific horizons. His story teaches us that curiosity, coupled with perseverance, can lead to groundbreaking discoveries.

Question 13:
Explain how Richard Ebright's childhood curiosity and his mother's support played a crucial role in The Making of a Scientist. Provide examples from the chapter to support your answer.
Answer:

Richard Ebright's journey as a scientist began with his innate curiosity and the unwavering support of his mother. From a young age, Ebright displayed a keen interest in exploring the natural world, collecting butterflies, rocks, and fossils. His mother recognized his passion and encouraged him by providing resources like books, telescopes, and microscopes, which fueled his scientific temperament.

For instance, when Ebright was in second grade, his mother gifted him a children's book titled The Travels of Monarch X, which introduced him to the migration patterns of monarch butterflies. This book ignited his fascination with butterflies and set the foundation for his future experiments. His mother also took him on trips to observe nature and enrolled him in science fairs, where he could showcase his discoveries.

Ebright's childhood experiences, combined with his mother's encouragement, taught him the importance of observation and experimentation. These qualities later helped him win prestigious awards like the Schering Plough Award and conduct groundbreaking research on monarch butterflies. Thus, his early curiosity and his mother's support were instrumental in shaping him into the scientist he became.

Question 14:
Describe the role of curiosity and experimentation in Richard Ebright's journey to becoming a scientist, as depicted in The Making of a Scientist. Support your answer with examples from the text.
Answer:

Richard Ebright's journey to becoming a scientist was driven by his curiosity and passion for experimentation. From a young age, he displayed an inquisitive mind, collecting butterflies and other insects, which laid the foundation for his scientific pursuits. His mother encouraged his curiosity by providing him with books and tools, such as a microscope, which further fueled his interest in biology.

One key example of his experimentation was his study of monarch butterflies. He conducted experiments to understand their migration patterns and discovered the role of hormones in their development. His curiosity led him to question existing theories, and his meticulous experiments helped him prove that the golden spots on monarch pupae were responsible for the production of hormones necessary for their growth.

Additionally, Ebright's participation in science fairs and his ability to think critically showcased how curiosity and experimentation were integral to his success. His work on DNA and its structure further highlights how these qualities propelled him toward groundbreaking discoveries.

Question 15:
Explain how Richard Ebright's scientific temperament and perseverance contributed to his achievements, as described in The Making of a Scientist. Provide textual evidence to justify your answer.
Answer:

Richard Ebright's scientific temperament and perseverance were key factors in his success as a scientist. His approach was methodical, and he never hesitated to challenge existing ideas with evidence-based research.

For instance, when he initially failed to win a science fair, he did not give up. Instead, he refined his experiments and returned with a project on viceroy butterflies, demonstrating how they mimic monarchs to avoid predators. This showcased his perseverance and ability to learn from setbacks.

His scientific temperament was evident in his rigorous testing of hypotheses. He spent countless hours in his basement laboratory, conducting experiments on hormonal secretions in butterflies. His dedication led to the discovery that cells could read the blueprint of DNA, a breakthrough that earned him recognition at the national level.

Ebright's story teaches us that a combination of patience, critical thinking, and resilience is essential for scientific achievement. His journey underscores the importance of a disciplined and inquisitive mindset in overcoming challenges.

Case-based Questions (4 Marks) – with Solutions (CBSE Pattern)

These 4-mark case-based questions assess analytical skills through real-life scenarios. Answers must be based on the case study provided.

Question 1:
In The Making of a Scientist, Richard Ebright's curiosity was sparked by butterflies. Case Summary: His mother encouraged his interest. Analysis: How did this support shape his scientific journey? Conclusion: Relate this to the importance of nurturing curiosity in children.
Answer:
Case Summary: Richard Ebright's mother bought him books and tools, fostering his love for science.
Analysis: Her support helped him conduct experiments, like raising monarch butterflies, which led to his discovery of hormone roles.
Conclusion: Our textbook shows that encouragement, like Ebright received, is vital for young minds. Examples include his gold spots theory and winning at science fairs.
Question 2:
Case Summary: Ebright's study of monarch butterflies revealed their migration patterns. Analysis: Why was this discovery significant? Conclusion: Explain how curiosity drives scientific breakthroughs, using Ebright as an example.
Answer:
Case Summary: Ebright tagged butterflies to track their migration, a project he started in childhood.
Analysis: This work showed how tiny creatures travel thousands of miles, inspiring further research.
Conclusion: We studied that his curiosity, like asking why gold spots matter, led to bigger discoveries. Examples include his DNA research and science fair success.
Question 3:
Case Summary: Ebright faced failures, like his experiment with injecting hormones into caterpillars. Analysis: How did these failures contribute to his growth? Conclusion: Discuss the role of perseverance in science.
Answer:
Case Summary: His hormone experiment failed, but he learned to improve his methods.
Analysis: Failures taught him precision, like in his later DNA work.
Conclusion: Our textbook shows that scientists, like Ebright, grow through trial and error. Examples include his butterfly research and winning the Schering Plough award.
Question 4:
Case Summary: Ebright’s teacher, Dr. Urquhart, guided his research. Analysis: How did mentorship impact his success? Conclusion: Explain why guidance is crucial for young scientists.
Answer:
Case Summary: Dr. Urquhart sent Ebright research materials and ideas, like tagging butterflies.
Analysis: This mentorship helped Ebright focus, leading to discoveries like the hormone theory.
Conclusion: We studied that mentors provide direction, as seen in Ebright’s journey. Examples include his science fair projects and later Harvard research.
Question 5:
In The Making of a Scientist, Richard Ebright's curiosity was sparked by his mother. Case Summary: She encouraged him to collect butterflies.
Analysis: How did this early encouragement shape his scientific journey?
Conclusion: Explain with two examples from the text.
Answer:
Case Summary

Richard Ebright's mother nurtured his curiosity by giving him books and encouraging butterfly collection.

Analysis
  • His butterfly collection led to his first experiment on monarchs.
  • She bought him a microscope, deepening his interest in biology.
Conclusion

Our textbook shows how her support helped him win science fairs and later study DNA, proving early encouragement matters.

Question 6:
Case Summary: Ebright's study of monarch butterflies revealed their migration patterns.
Analysis: Why was this discovery significant?
Conclusion: Relate it to his later work on DNA.
Answer:
Case Summary

Ebright discovered monarchs migrate using the sun's position, a breakthrough in animal behavior.

Analysis
  • This showed his ability to observe and hypothesize.
  • It built his confidence for complex research.
Conclusion

We studied how this early success prepared him for DNA research, linking behavior to genetic mechanisms.

Question 7:
Case Summary: Ebright faced failure when his theory on butterfly spots was disproven.
Analysis: How did this setback contribute to his growth?
Conclusion: Cite two textbook examples of resilience.
Answer:
Case Summary

His hypothesis that spots attracted predators was incorrect, but he learned from it.

Analysis
  • He improved his experimental methods.
  • He embraced peer review as a learning tool.
Conclusion

Our textbook shows how this resilience led to his gold spot theory and DNA work, proving failure fuels success.

Question 8:
Case Summary: Ebright's teacher, Dr. Urquhart, guided his research.
Analysis: What role do mentors play in scientific development?
Conclusion: Compare with another example from the chapter.
Answer:
Case Summary

Dr. Urquhart provided resources and feedback, shaping Ebright's approach.

Analysis
  • He taught Ebright to maintain detailed records.
  • He connected him to broader scientific communities.
Conclusion

Like his mother's early support, we studied how mentors like Urquhart accelerate learning, as seen in Ebright's award-winning projects.

Question 9:
In The Making of a Scientist, Richard Ebright's curiosity was sparked by his mother. Case Summary: His mother encouraged his interest in collecting butterflies.
Analysis: How did this early support shape his scientific journey?
Conclusion: Explain the role of parental guidance in nurturing talent.
Answer:
Case Summary: Richard Ebright's mother bought him books and tools, fostering his curiosity.
Analysis: Her support helped him transition from collecting butterflies to conducting experiments, like studying monarch pupae. Our textbook shows how encouragement builds confidence.
Conclusion: Parental guidance, as seen in Ebright's case, is crucial for developing a child's passion into expertise.
Question 10:
Case Summary: Ebright's study of monarch butterflies led to a groundbreaking discovery.
Analysis: How did his experiments disprove a popular belief?
Conclusion: Why is questioning existing theories important in science?
Answer:
Case Summary: Ebright discovered that monarchs didn’t need pheromones to migrate, contrary to popular belief.
Analysis: His experiments, like tagging butterflies, proved migration was instinctive. Our textbook highlights his meticulous approach.
Conclusion: Science advances by challenging assumptions, as Ebright showed, leading to new knowledge.
Question 11:
Case Summary: Ebright’s competitive streak drove him to win science fairs.
Analysis: How did competitions contribute to his growth?
Conclusion: Discuss the pros of healthy competition in learning.
Answer:
Case Summary: Ebright participated in fairs, like the county science fair, to test his ideas.
Analysis: Competitions pushed him to refine his work, such as his gold spot theory. Our textbook shows they teach resilience.
Conclusion: Healthy competition, as in Ebright’s case, motivates deeper research and innovation.
Question 12:
Case Summary: Ebright’s collaboration with Dr. Urquhart was pivotal.
Analysis: How did mentorship accelerate his research?
Conclusion: Why is networking important for young scientists?
Answer:
Case Summary: Dr. Urquhart guided Ebright’s butterfly studies, providing resources.
Analysis: Mentorship helped Ebright design better experiments, like his DNA research. Our textbook emphasizes learning from experts.
Conclusion: Networking, as Ebright’s story shows, opens doors to knowledge and opportunities in science.
Question 13:

Read the following case study carefully and answer the question that follows:

Richard Ebright, as a child, was deeply curious about the world around him. His mother encouraged his curiosity by buying him books, telescopes, and microscopes. One day, he observed a swarm of monarch butterflies in his backyard and wondered why they migrated. This curiosity led him to conduct experiments, eventually helping him win the Intel Science and Engineering Fair.

Question: How did Richard Ebright's mother contribute to his success as a scientist? Explain with reference to the chapter The Making of a Scientist.

Answer:

Richard Ebright's mother played a crucial role in shaping his scientific curiosity and success. She recognized his interest in learning and provided him with resources like books, telescopes, and microscopes, which fueled his passion for science.
Additionally, she encouraged him to ask questions and explore the world around him, such as his fascination with monarch butterflies. Her support helped him develop a scientific temperament, leading to his groundbreaking experiments and eventual victory at the Intel Science and Engineering Fair.

Question 14:

Read the following case study carefully and answer the question that follows:

In the chapter The Making of a Scientist, Richard Ebright's experiment with monarch butterflies revealed that they migrate due to changes in day length and temperature. He also discovered a hormone responsible for their growth. His findings were later published in a scientific journal.

Question: What key scientific discovery did Richard Ebright make about monarch butterflies, and how did it contribute to his recognition as a scientist?

Answer:

Richard Ebright discovered that monarch butterflies migrate in response to changes in day length and temperature. He also identified a hormone that played a crucial role in their growth and development.
This discovery was significant because it provided new insights into butterfly behavior and biology. His findings were published in a scientific journal, earning him recognition in the scientific community. This achievement also paved the way for his success at the Intel Science and Engineering Fair, establishing him as a promising young scientist.

Question 15:
Read the following case study and answer the question below:

Richard Ebright, as a child, was deeply curious about butterflies. His mother encouraged his interest by buying him books and equipment. Later, his science fair project on monarch butterflies won him recognition. His research on the gold spots on monarch pupae led to a groundbreaking discovery about cell behavior.

Question: How did Richard Ebright's childhood curiosity and his mother's support contribute to his success as a scientist? Explain in detail.
Answer:

Richard Ebright's childhood curiosity and his mother's support played a crucial role in shaping his career as a scientist. His fascination with butterflies began at an early age, and his mother nurtured this interest by providing him with books, telescopes, and other scientific tools. This encouragement helped him develop a scientific temperament and a habit of questioning and experimenting.


His mother's support also kept him motivated. For instance, when he didn’t win a science fair initially, she encouraged him to try harder. Later, his project on monarch butterflies won him recognition, proving that early encouragement can lead to significant achievements. His research on the gold spots on monarch pupae eventually led to a major scientific breakthrough about cell behavior, showing how childhood passions, when supported, can evolve into groundbreaking discoveries.

Question 16:
Read the following case study and answer the question below:

Richard Ebright’s study of the monarch butterfly’s life cycle revealed the importance of the gold spots on the pupa. His experiments showed that these spots produced a hormone necessary for the butterfly’s development. This discovery earned him great acclaim in the scientific community.

Question: How did Ebright’s research on monarch butterflies contribute to the field of biology? Explain the significance of his findings.
Answer:

Richard Ebright’s research on monarch butterflies made a significant contribution to the field of biology. His study focused on the gold spots found on the pupa of these butterflies. Through careful experimentation, he discovered that these spots produced a hormone essential for the butterfly’s full development into an adult.


This finding was groundbreaking because it revealed a new understanding of how hormones regulate growth in insects. His work demonstrated the importance of scientific inquiry and experimentation in uncovering biological processes. The discovery also highlighted the interconnectedness of life stages in insects, providing valuable insights for entomologists and researchers studying developmental biology.

Question 17:
Read the following case study:
Richard Ebright, as a child, was fascinated by butterflies. His mother encouraged his curiosity by buying him books and equipment. Later, his science fair project on monarch butterflies won him recognition.
Based on this, answer: How did Richard's mother play a crucial role in The Making of a Scientist?
Answer:

Richard's mother played a pivotal role in shaping his scientific curiosity. She recognized his interest in butterflies and actively supported him by:

  • Buying him scientific books like The Travels of Monarch X, which deepened his knowledge.
  • Providing him with equipment such as a microscope, enabling him to conduct experiments.
  • Encouraging his participation in science fairs, which built his confidence and analytical skills.

Her support created a nurturing environment, essential for developing his scientific temperament.

Question 18:
Analyze the case:
Richard Ebright's study of monarch butterflies led him to discover an unknown insect hormone. His experiments involved tagging butterflies and studying their migration patterns.
Explain how curiosity and systematic research contributed to his success as per the chapter.
Answer:

Richard's success stemmed from his curiosity and systematic research approach:

  • His curiosity about monarch butterflies drove him to ask questions, such as why they migrated.
  • He followed a scientific method:
    1. Tagging butterflies to track their migration.
    2. Analyzing data to identify patterns.
    3. Formulating hypotheses and testing them.
  • His persistence led to the discovery of a hormone critical for butterfly development.

This highlights how curiosity, combined with structured research, leads to breakthroughs.

Question 19:
Read the following case study:
Richard Ebright, as a child, was deeply curious about butterflies. His mother encouraged his curiosity by buying him books and equipment. Later, his science fair project on monarch butterflies won him recognition.
Based on this, answer: How did Richard's mother contribute to his journey of becoming a scientist?
Answer:

Richard Ebright's mother played a pivotal role in shaping his scientific curiosity. She recognized his interest in butterflies and actively supported him by:

  • Buying him books like The Travels of Monarch X, which deepened his knowledge.
  • Providing him with tools like a microscope and catching nets, enabling hands-on learning.
  • Encouraging his participation in science fairs, which built his confidence and analytical skills.

Her support created a nurturing environment that allowed Richard to explore, experiment, and eventually excel in scientific research.

Question 20:
Analyze the given scenario:
Richard Ebright's study of monarch butterflies led him to discover an unknown hormone. This breakthrough earned him accolades in the scientific community.
Explain how curiosity and perseverance helped Richard achieve this milestone.
Answer:

Richard's success stemmed from his curiosity and perseverance, which are essential traits for scientific discovery. Here's how they helped:

  • Curiosity: His fascination with monarch butterflies drove him to ask questions, leading to deeper research.
  • Perseverance: He conducted countless experiments, even after failures, to understand butterfly behavior.

His dedication helped him identify the hormone responsible for their growth, proving that sustained effort and inquisitiveness yield breakthroughs. This aligns with the chapter's theme that scientific achievements require both passion and hard work.

Question 21:
Read the following case study:
Richard Ebright, as a child, was curious about butterflies. His mother encouraged his interest by buying him books and equipment. Later, his science fair project on how monarch butterflies navigate won him recognition.
Based on this, answer: How did Richard's mother play a crucial role in shaping his scientific curiosity?
Answer:

Richard's mother played a pivotal role in nurturing his scientific curiosity by providing him with the right resources and encouragement. She bought him books like The Travels of Monarch X, which deepened his interest in butterflies. Additionally, she got him a telescope and a microscope, enabling him to explore nature closely. Her support created a stimulating environment for Richard to develop his scientific thinking.

Her role was not just limited to providing materials; she also encouraged him to ask questions and seek answers, fostering a scientific temperament. This early guidance helped Richard build a strong foundation, leading to his later success in science fairs and research.

Question 22:
Analyze the case:
Richard Ebright’s study of monarch butterflies led him to discover an unknown insect hormone. His experiments involved tagging butterflies and studying their migration patterns.
How did Richard’s approach to scientific inquiry reflect the qualities of a true scientist?
Answer:

Richard’s approach showcased key qualities of a true scientist:

  • Curiosity: His fascination with monarch butterflies drove him to study their behavior deeply.
  • Methodical Research: He conducted systematic experiments, like tagging butterflies, to gather accurate data.
  • Critical Thinking: He questioned existing theories and sought evidence, leading to the discovery of a new hormone.

His work also demonstrated perseverance, as he spent years observing and experimenting. By combining observation with scientific rigor, Richard exemplified how dedication and a structured approach can lead to groundbreaking discoveries.

Question 23:
Read the following case study:
Richard Ebright, as a child, was deeply curious about butterflies. His mother encouraged his interest by buying him books and equipment. Later, his science fair project on monarch butterflies won him recognition.
Based on the above, answer: How did Richard Ebright's mother contribute to his journey as a scientist?
Answer:

Richard Ebright's mother played a pivotal role in nurturing his curiosity and scientific temperament. She recognized his interest in butterflies and actively supported him by:

  • Buying him books like The Travels of Monarch X, which deepened his knowledge.
  • Providing him with scientific equipment, such as a microscope, to conduct experiments.
  • Encouraging him to participate in science fairs, which built his confidence and analytical skills.

Her support created a foundation for Ebright's later achievements, proving that encouragement from family can significantly impact a child's intellectual growth.

Question 24:
Analyze the given case:
Ebright’s study of the hormone necessary for the growth of a butterfly’s wing earned him first place in a national science competition. This discovery later contributed to broader scientific research.
Explain the significance of Ebright’s discovery in the field of science.
Answer:

Ebright's discovery of the hormone essential for butterfly wing growth was groundbreaking because:

  • It provided insights into how cells develop and differentiate, a key concept in developmental biology.
  • His work had potential applications in medical research, such as understanding human cell growth and regeneration.
  • Winning the national competition validated his scientific approach, inspiring other young researchers.

This discovery showcased how curiosity-driven research can lead to meaningful contributions in science, reinforcing the importance of perseverance and innovation.

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