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Beehive: Kathmandu – CBSE NCERT Study Resources

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Beehive: Kathmandu

Study Materials

9th

9th - English (Beehive)

Beehive: Kathmandu

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Overview of the Chapter: Kathmandu

The chapter "Kathmandu" is an excerpt from Vikram Seth's travelogue "From Heaven Lake." It describes the author's experiences and observations during his visit to Kathmandu, the capital city of Nepal. The narrative captures the vibrant and chaotic atmosphere of the city, its cultural diversity, and the blend of modernity and tradition.

Kathmandu: A bustling city in Nepal, known for its rich cultural heritage, temples, and vibrant street life.

Key Themes

  • Cultural Diversity: The chapter highlights the coexistence of Hinduism and Buddhism in Kathmandu.
  • Urban Chaos: The author describes the noisy, crowded, and lively streets of the city.
  • Spiritual Atmosphere: The presence of temples, shrines, and religious rituals adds a spiritual dimension to the city.

Important Characters

  • Vikram Seth: The author and narrator of the travelogue, who shares his personal experiences in Kathmandu.

Significant Events

  • The author visits the Pashupatinath Temple and observes the religious activities there.
  • He describes the Baudhnath Stupa, a serene Buddhist shrine.
  • The chapter ends with the author's decision to return home, reflecting on his journey.

Literary Style

The chapter is written in a descriptive and reflective style, with vivid imagery and personal anecdotes. The author uses sensory details to bring the city to life for the reader.

Travelogue: A piece of writing that describes the experiences and observations of a traveler.

Key Takeaways

  • Kathmandu is a city of contrasts, where ancient traditions meet modern life.
  • The chapter emphasizes the importance of observing and appreciating different cultures.
  • The author's journey is not just physical but also a spiritual and emotional experience.

All Question Types with Solutions – CBSE Exam Pattern

Explore a complete set of CBSE-style questions with detailed solutions, categorized by marks and question types. Ideal for exam preparation, revision and practice.

Very Short Answer (1 Mark) – with Solutions (CBSE Pattern)

These are 1-mark questions requiring direct, concise answers. Ideal for quick recall and concept clarity.

Question 1:
What is the name of the holy river in Kathmandu?
Answer:

The holy river is Bagmati.

Question 2:
Which two temples does the author visit in Kathmandu?
Answer:

Pashupatinath and Baudhnath Stupa.

Question 3:
Why is Pashupatinath Temple significant?
Answer:

It is a sacred Hindu temple dedicated to Lord Shiva.

Question 4:
What does the Baudhnath Stupa symbolize?
Answer:

It represents Buddhist peace and spirituality.

Question 5:
What animals are mentioned near Pashupatinath Temple?
Answer:

Monkeys and saddhus are mentioned.

Question 6:
How does the author describe the atmosphere at Baudhnath Stupa?
Answer:

It is quiet and peaceful.

Question 7:
What is sold by the flute seller in Kathmandu?
Answer:

He sells bamboo flutes.

Question 8:
Why does the author find the flute music enchanting?
Answer:

It has a universal appeal.

Question 9:
What contrast does the author observe in Kathmandu?
Answer:

Religious chaos vs. Buddhist serenity.

Question 10:
What ritual is performed at the Bagmati River?
Answer:

Cremation of the dead.

Question 11:
What emotion does the author feel in Kathmandu?
Answer:

A mix of fascination and unease.

Question 12:
What lesson does the author learn from the flute seller?
Answer:

Simplicity and contentment in life.

Question 13:
How is Kathmandu described in terms of noise?
Answer:

It is noisy and crowded.

Question 14:
What symbol does the flute represent in the chapter?
Answer:

Unity of human emotions.

Question 15:
What is the name of the river mentioned in the chapter Kathmandu?
Answer:
The river mentioned is the Bagmati.
Question 16:
Who is the author of the chapter Kathmandu?
Answer:
The author is Vikram Seth.
Question 17:
Name two temples mentioned in the chapter Kathmandu.
Answer:
The two temples are the Pashupatinath Temple and the Boudhanath Stupa.
Question 18:
What kind of flute seller does the narrator observe in Kathmandu?
Answer:
The narrator observes a flute seller who plays his flutes absentmindedly without actively selling them.
Question 19:
Why does the narrator describe Kathmandu as a vivid, mercenary, religious place?
Answer:

Kathmandu is described as vivid due to its colorful markets, mercenary because of its business-driven atmosphere, and religious due to its numerous temples and spiritual activities.

Question 20:
What does the narrator buy from the streets of Kathmandu?
Answer:
The narrator buys a bar of marzipan and a combs.
Question 21:
How does the narrator describe the atmosphere near the Pashupatinath Temple?
Answer:

The atmosphere is described as chaotic with priests, hawkers, tourists, and animals, creating a mix of devotion and disorder.

Question 22:
What is the significance of the Boudhanath Stupa in the chapter?
Answer:

The Boudhanath Stupa represents peace and tranquility, contrasting with the noisy Pashupatinath Temple. It is a place of meditation and calmness.

Question 23:
Why does the narrator feel a connection with the flute seller?
Answer:

The narrator feels a connection because the flute seller's music is universal and transcends language, much like the narrator's own experiences.

Question 24:
What does the narrator compare the flute music to in Kathmandu?
Answer:
The narrator compares the flute music to the human voice, calling it the most universal and particular sound.
Question 25:
How does the chapter Kathmandu end?
Answer:

The chapter ends with the narrator boarding a bus to leave Kathmandu, reflecting on the city's vibrant yet contrasting experiences.

Question 26:
What is the central theme of the chapter Kathmandu?
Answer:

The central theme is the diversity of human experiences, blending spirituality, commerce, and cultural richness in Kathmandu.

Very Short Answer (2 Marks) – with Solutions (CBSE Pattern)

These 2-mark questions test key concepts in a brief format. Answers are expected to be accurate and slightly descriptive.

Question 1:
What is the significance of Pashupatinath Temple in Kathmandu?
Answer:

The Pashupatinath Temple is a sacred Hindu temple dedicated to Lord Shiva. It holds immense religious importance for devotees and is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The temple showcases architectural brilliance and reflects Nepal's rich cultural heritage.

Question 2:
Describe the atmosphere at the Boudhanath Stupa as mentioned in the chapter.
Answer:

The Boudhanath Stupa has a serene and spiritual atmosphere. It is surrounded by Tibetan monks chanting prayers, the smell of incense, and the sound of spinning prayer wheels. The stupa symbolizes peace and is a major Buddhist pilgrimage site.

Question 3:
Why does the author describe Kathmandu as a vivid, mercenary, religious place?
Answer:

Kathmandu is called vivid due to its colorful markets and festivals, mercenary because of its bustling trade, and religious as it houses sacred sites like Pashupatinath and Boudhanath. The city blends spirituality with commerce.

Question 4:
What role do flute sellers play in the chapter?
Answer:

The flute sellers symbolize the cultural richness of Kathmandu. Their music adds to the city's lively atmosphere, representing tradition and artistry amidst urban chaos.

Question 5:
How does the author contrast the Pashupatinath Temple and Boudhanath Stupa?
Answer:
  • Pashupatinath is Hindu, crowded, and noisy with rituals.
  • Boudhanath is Buddhist, peaceful, and meditative.
Both reflect Kathmandu's religious diversity.
Question 6:
What does the author observe about the monkeys at Pashupatinath?
Answer:

The monkeys are mischievous and fearless, roaming freely around the temple. They add a chaotic yet natural element to the sacred space, symbolizing the blend of divinity and wildness.

Question 7:
Why is the Bagmati River considered holy?
Answer:

The Bagmati River is considered holy because it is associated with Hindu rituals, especially cremations. Devotees believe its waters purify the soul, making it central to religious practices in Kathmandu.

Question 8:
How does the author describe the streets of Kathmandu?
Answer:

The streets of Kathmandu are chaotic, filled with honking vehicles, street vendors, and a mix of modern and traditional life. They reflect the city's vibrant yet overwhelming energy.

Question 9:
What is the significance of the flute music in the chapter?
Answer:

The flute music represents the soulful and timeless essence of Kathmandu. It contrasts with the city's noise, offering a moment of tranquility and connection to tradition.

Question 10:
How does the chapter highlight the cultural diversity of Kathmandu?
Answer:

The chapter highlights cultural diversity through the coexistence of Hindu and Buddhist sites, varied street life, and the blend of rituals, languages, and traditions in the city.

Question 11:
What impression does the author give about the people of Kathmandu?
Answer:

The people of Kathmandu are depicted as deeply religious yet practical. They engage in daily commerce while maintaining strong ties to their spiritual and cultural roots.

Short Answer (3 Marks) – with Solutions (CBSE Pattern)

These 3-mark questions require brief explanations and help assess understanding and application of concepts.

Question 1:
How does the author describe the flute seller in Kathmandu?
Answer:

The author describes the flute seller as a quiet and unassuming man who does not shout to attract customers. He sits cross-legged with his flutes spread out in front of him. Unlike other vendors, he does not aggressively market his products but lets the music of the flutes speak for itself. His calm demeanor and the melodious sound of his flutes create a serene atmosphere amidst the chaos of the market.

Question 2:
What is the significance of the Boudhanath Stupa mentioned in the chapter Kathmandu?
Answer:

The Boudhanath Stupa is a significant religious site for Buddhists in Kathmandu. It symbolizes peace, spirituality, and the rich cultural heritage of Nepal. The stupa, with its massive mandala and all-seeing eyes of Buddha, attracts pilgrims and tourists alike. The author highlights its serene environment, contrasting it with the bustling city life, emphasizing its role as a place of meditation and reflection.

Question 3:
How does the author contrast the Pashupatinath Temple and the Boudhanath Stupa in Kathmandu?
Answer:

The author contrasts the Pashupatinath Temple and the Boudhanath Stupa in terms of atmosphere and religious practices. The Pashupatinath Temple is bustling with activity, filled with priests, devotees, and even monkeys, reflecting the vibrancy of Hindu rituals. On the other hand, the Boudhanath Stupa is calm and meditative, with Tibetan monks chanting prayers, showcasing the peaceful nature of Buddhism. Both sites, however, represent the spiritual diversity of Kathmandu.

Question 4:
Why does the author find the flute music in Kathmandu so captivating?
Answer:

The author finds the flute music captivating because it is a universal language that transcends cultural and linguistic barriers. The melody of the flute is simple yet profound, evoking emotions and memories. Unlike the loud noises of the city, the flute's music is pure and soothing, offering a momentary escape from the chaos. The author appreciates its ability to connect people through its timeless appeal.

Question 5:
Describe the scene at the Pashupatinath Temple as depicted in the chapter Kathmandu.
Answer:

The scene at the Pashupatinath Temple is chaotic yet vibrant. The temple is crowded with priests, devotees, and tourists. There are monkeys running around, adding to the liveliness. The air is filled with the smell of marigolds and the sound of bells and chants. The author also mentions the cremation ghats by the river, where funeral pyres burn continuously, highlighting the cycle of life and death in Hindu belief.

Question 6:
What does the author's observation of the flute seller reveal about his perspective on life?
Answer:

The author's observation of the flute seller reveals his appreciation for simplicity and authenticity. Unlike the noisy and aggressive vendors, the flute seller's quiet confidence and reliance on the beauty of his music reflect a deeper, more meaningful way of life. The author admires this approach, suggesting that true value lies not in loud promotion but in intrinsic worth and artistry.

Question 7:
Describe the significance of the Pashupatinath Temple as mentioned in the chapter Kathmandu.
Answer:

The Pashupatinath Temple is a sacred Hindu shrine dedicated to Lord Shiva. It holds immense religious importance for devotees who visit to seek blessings. The temple's strict entry rules, allowing only Hindus inside, highlight its exclusivity. The chaotic yet spiritual atmosphere around the temple, with priests, hawkers, and animals, reflects the blend of devotion and daily life in Kathmandu.

Question 8:
How does the author describe the Boudhanath Stupa in the chapter?
Answer:

The Boudhanath Stupa is depicted as a serene and peaceful Buddhist shrine with a massive white dome. The author notes the quiet atmosphere, interrupted only by the fluttering of prayer flags and the murmurs of monks. The stupa symbolizes Tibetan Buddhism and serves as a spiritual hub for refugees and monks, contrasting with the bustling Pashupatinath Temple.

Question 9:
What contrasts does the author observe between the Pashupatinath Temple and the Boudhanath Stupa?
Answer:

The author highlights several contrasts:

  • Atmosphere: Pashupatinath is chaotic with crowds and noise, while Boudhanath is calm and meditative.
  • Religious Practices: Pashupatinath involves active rituals like cremations, whereas Boudhanath focuses on silent prayers and circumambulation.
  • Accessibility: Pashupatinath restricts entry to Hindus, while Boudhanath welcomes all visitors.

Question 10:
Explain the role of the flute seller in the chapter Kathmandu.
Answer:

The flute seller symbolizes simplicity and artistry amidst the city's chaos. Unlike other hawkers, he does not shout to attract customers but lets his flutes' music speak for itself. His presence adds a touch of tranquility and cultural richness, reminding the author of the universal language of music.

Question 11:
How does the author portray the city of Kathmandu in terms of its cultural diversity?
Answer:

The author portrays Kathmandu as a melting pot of cultures, religions, and traditions. The coexistence of Hindu and Buddhist shrines like Pashupatinath and Boudhanath reflects this diversity. The bustling streets, filled with people from different backgrounds, along with the blend of rituals, music, and commerce, highlight the city's vibrant and inclusive cultural fabric.

Question 12:
What impression does the author give about the Bagmati River in the chapter?
Answer:

The Bagmati River is described as a sacred yet polluted waterbody. It is central to Hindu cremation rituals at Pashupatinath, symbolizing the cycle of life and death. However, the author also notes its deteriorating condition, with garbage and debris, reflecting environmental neglect amidst spiritual significance.

Long Answer (5 Marks) – with Solutions (CBSE Pattern)

These 5-mark questions are descriptive and require detailed, structured answers with proper explanation and examples.

Question 1:
Describe the cultural diversity observed by the narrator in Kathmandu. How does it reflect the city's unique identity?
Answer:
Introduction

In 'Kathmandu,' the narrator highlights the city's rich cultural diversity through its temples, streets, and people.


Argument 1
  • The Pashupatinath Temple shows Hindu traditions with devotees and rituals.
  • Boudhanath Stupa represents Buddhist culture with monks and prayer wheels.

Argument 2

Our textbook describes bustling markets with flute sellers and hawkers, blending commerce and culture.


Conclusion

Kathmandu's mix of religions and traditions makes it a vibrant, unique city.

Question 2:
How does the narrator's experience at the Pashupatinath Temple contrast with his visit to the Boudhanath Stupa?
Answer:
Introduction

The narrator observes distinct atmospheres at Pashupatinath Temple and Boudhanath Stupa in Kathmandu.


Argument 1
  • Pashupatinath is chaotic, with crowds, priests, and strict rules.
  • Boudhanath is peaceful, with Tibetan monks and spinning prayer wheels.

Argument 2

Our textbook mentions the narrator feeling excluded at Pashupatinath but welcomed at Boudhanath.


Conclusion

The contrast shows how different religious spaces create unique experiences.

Question 3:
Explain the significance of the flute seller in the chapter 'Kathmandu.' How does he symbolize the city's everyday charm?
Answer:
Introduction

The flute seller represents the simple yet enchanting aspects of Kathmandu's daily life.


Argument 1
  • He plays melodious tunes without aggressively selling, showing artistic patience.
  • His flutes, made from bamboo, reflect local craftsmanship.

Argument 2

Our textbook describes how his music stays with the narrator, symbolizing Kathmandu's lingering charm.


Conclusion

The flute seller embodies the city's unhurried, artistic spirit.

Question 4:
Discuss how the narrator's observations in Kathmandu highlight the contrast between tradition and modernity.
Answer:
Introduction

Kathmandu blends ancient traditions with modern influences, as seen in the narrator's observations.


Argument 1
  • Traditional temples like Pashupatinath coexist with busy streets and shops.
  • Our textbook mentions hawkers selling modern items near religious sites.

Argument 2

The flute seller’s timeless music contrasts with the noise of traffic and crowds.


Conclusion

Kathmandu’s mix of old and new creates a dynamic urban culture.

Question 5:
How does the chapter 'Kathmandu' portray the sensory experiences of the city? Provide examples from the text.
Answer:
Introduction

The narrator uses vivid sensory details to bring Kathmandu’s atmosphere to life.


Argument 1
  • Sight: Colorful temples, monks in maroon robes, and bustling markets.
  • Sound: Flute music, chanting priests, and honking vehicles.

Argument 2

Our textbook describes the smell of incense at Pashupatinath and street food aromas.


Conclusion

These sensory details make Kathmandu feel vibrant and real to the reader.

Question 6:
Describe the cultural diversity observed by the narrator in Kathmandu. How does it reflect the city's unique character?
Answer:
Introduction

In 'Kathmandu,' the narrator highlights the city's rich cultural diversity through its sights and sounds.


Argument 1
  • The narrator describes the Pashupatinath Temple, where Hindu rituals like cremations occur, showing religious traditions.
  • He contrasts this with the Boudhanath Stupa, a Buddhist shrine with peaceful monks and spinning prayer wheels.

Argument 2

Street vendors selling flutes and chaotic traffic reveal a blend of modernity and tradition. Our textbook shows how these elements coexist, making Kathmandu vibrant.


Conclusion

This diversity reflects Kathmandu's identity as a melting pot of cultures, rituals, and daily life.

Question 7:
How does the narrator's experience at the Pashupatinath Temple and Boudhanath Stupa differ? What does this contrast signify?
Answer:
Introduction

The narrator visits two sacred sites in Kathmandu, each offering distinct experiences.


Argument 1
  • At Pashupatinath, he observes noisy crowds, animal sacrifices, and funeral pyres, reflecting intense Hindu practices.
  • In contrast, Boudhanath Stupa is serene, with monks meditating and prayer flags fluttering, symbolizing Buddhist calm.

Argument 2

This juxtaposition shows how Kathmandu embraces both chaos and tranquility. Our textbook emphasizes how these contrasts define the city's spiritual landscape.


Conclusion

The differences highlight the coexistence of diverse beliefs, enriching Kathmandu's cultural fabric.

Question 8:
Explain the significance of the flute seller in the chapter 'Kathmandu.' How does he represent the city's essence?
Answer:
Introduction

The flute seller symbolizes Kathmandu's artistic soul and simplicity amidst chaos.


Argument 1
  • Unlike other noisy vendors, he plays melodies quietly, attracting the narrator's attention.
  • His flutes, made from bamboo, represent handmade craftsmanship, a fading tradition.

Argument 2

Our textbook shows how his music contrasts with the city's hustle, offering a moment of peace. This reflects Kathmandu's blend of art and daily life.


Conclusion

The flute seller embodies the city's cultural richness and enduring traditions.

Question 9:
Analyze the narrator's observations about urban life in Kathmandu. What contradictions does he highlight?
Answer:
Introduction

The narrator notices both charm and chaos in Kathmandu's urban landscape.


Argument 1
  • He describes polluted streets with honking cars and litter, showing modernization's downsides.
  • Yet, sacred cows roam freely, and temples stand amid shops, blending tradition with modernity.

Argument 2

Our textbook mentions how these contradictions—like flute music amid traffic—reveal Kathmandu's unique identity.


Conclusion

The city's contrasts make it vibrant, where old and new coexist uneasily but beautifully.

Question 10:
How does the chapter 'Kathmandu' portray the theme of spirituality? Provide examples from the text.
Answer:
Introduction

Spirituality in Kathmandu is depicted through its sacred spaces and rituals.


Argument 1
  • At Pashupatinath, the narrator witnesses fervent Hindu worship, including offerings and cremations.
  • The Boudhanath Stupa offers a quieter, meditative atmosphere with spinning prayer wheels.

Argument 2

Our textbook shows how these sites represent different paths to spirituality—one loud and communal, the other introspective.


Conclusion

Kathmandu emerges as a city where diverse spiritual practices thrive side by side.

Question 11:
Describe the author's experience in Kathmandu as depicted in the chapter Kathmandu from Beehive. How does the author capture the essence of the city?
Answer:

The author, Vikram Seth, vividly describes his experience in Kathmandu through sensory details and observations. He captures the city's chaotic yet vibrant atmosphere by highlighting the crowded streets, the mix of cultures, and the constant noise. The author visits the Pashupatinath Temple and Boudhanath Stupa, where he observes religious rituals and the bustling market. He also mentions the flute seller, whose music stands out amidst the chaos, symbolizing the city's unique charm.

The essence of Kathmandu is portrayed through:

  • Sensory imagery: Descriptions of smells, sounds, and sights make the scene lively.
  • Cultural diversity: The blend of Hindu and Buddhist traditions reflects the city's rich heritage.
  • Contrast: The chaos of the streets vs. the serenity of the flute music highlights the city's duality.

This detailed portrayal helps readers visualize Kathmandu's unique character.

Question 12:
How does the author use contrasts in the chapter Kathmandu to highlight the city's uniqueness? Provide examples.
Answer:

The author, Vikram Seth, employs contrasts effectively to showcase Kathmandu's distinct identity. Some key examples include:

  • Religious Harmony vs. Chaos: The peaceful Pashupatinath Temple and Boudhanath Stupa contrast with the noisy, crowded streets.
  • Traditional vs. Modern: The ancient temples stand alongside bustling markets and modern influences.
  • Sound Contrast: The constant honking and shouting are interrupted by the soothing flute music, symbolizing tranquility amid chaos.

These contrasts emphasize Kathmandu's diverse and dynamic nature, making it a city of contradictions and charm.

Question 13:
Explain the significance of the flute seller in the chapter Kathmandu. How does his music impact the author?
Answer:

The flute seller in Kathmandu holds great significance as he represents the city's cultural richness and the power of simplicity. His music stands out amidst the chaos, creating a moment of peace for the author. The flutes, made of bamboo, symbolize natural artistry and tradition.

The author is deeply moved by the melody, which contrasts sharply with the surrounding noise. This experience makes him reflect on how music transcends language and culture, connecting people universally. The flute seller's presence highlights the beauty of small, unnoticed moments in a busy city.

Question 14:
Discuss the cultural and religious diversity observed by the author in Kathmandu. How does this diversity contribute to the city's identity?
Answer:

In Kathmandu, the author observes a rich blend of Hindu and Buddhist traditions, which defines the city's cultural identity. Key observations include:

  • Pashupatinath Temple: A sacred Hindu site with rituals, priests, and devotees showcasing deep religious fervor.
  • Boudhanath Stupa: A prominent Buddhist shrine with monks, prayer wheels, and a serene atmosphere.
  • Street Markets: A mix of local and foreign influences, selling items from religious artifacts to modern goods.

This diversity makes Kathmandu a melting pot of traditions, where ancient practices coexist with contemporary life. The author's descriptions highlight how this blend creates a unique, vibrant city that respects its heritage while embracing change.

Question 15:
Describe the author's experience in Kathmandu as depicted in the chapter Beehive. How does the author's observation of the city reflect its cultural and spiritual essence?
Answer:

The author's experience in Kathmandu is vividly portrayed through his keen observations of the city's bustling life and spiritual aura. He describes the chaotic yet vibrant streets filled with shops selling flutes, postcards, and religious artifacts, highlighting the city's unique blend of commerce and culture. The author is particularly struck by the contrast between the noisy market and the serene Pashupatinath Temple, where he witnesses devotees performing rituals and the peaceful flow of the Bagmati River.

His observations reflect Kathmandu's deep-rooted spiritual essence, as seen in the devotion at the temple and the Buddhist stupa at Boudhanath. The author also notes the harmonious coexistence of Hinduism and Buddhism, symbolizing the city's cultural richness. The chapter captures the sensory overload of Kathmandu—its sounds, smells, and sights—while subtly conveying its timeless spiritual charm.

Question 16:
How does the author use contrast to depict the two religious sites—Pashupatinath Temple and Boudhanath Stupa—in Kathmandu? Explain with examples from the chapter.
Answer:

The author employs contrast to highlight the distinct atmospheres of the Pashupatinath Temple and the Boudhanath Stupa. At Pashupatinath, the scene is chaotic and intense, with crowds of devotees, priests, and even monkeys creating a lively yet sometimes overwhelming environment. The author describes the smoke from funeral pyres and the loud chanting, emphasizing the temple's association with life, death, and ritualistic fervor.

In contrast, the Boudhanath Stupa exudes a sense of tranquility and introspection. The author notes the peaceful spinning of prayer wheels and the quiet hum of Buddhist monks in meditation. The stupa's massive white dome and watchful eyes of the Buddha symbolize spiritual calm, offering a stark contrast to the sensory overload of Pashupatinath. Through these contrasts, the author showcases the diverse spiritual landscape of Kathmandu, where both Hinduism and Buddhism thrive side by side.

Question 17:
Describe the author's experience in Kathmandu as depicted in the chapter Beehive. How does the author capture the essence of the city through sensory details?
Answer:

The author, Vikram Seth, vividly describes his experience in Kathmandu through rich sensory details that bring the city to life. He captures the bustling atmosphere by highlighting the chaotic yet vibrant streets filled with vendors, temples, and the constant hum of activity. The author uses sensory imagery to portray the sounds of flutes being played, the smell of incense from temples, and the sight of colorful marigold garlands.

Additionally, the author contrasts the serene Bagmati River with the noisy marketplace, emphasizing the city's diversity. His observations about the cultural and religious blend in Kathmandu, such as the coexistence of Hindu and Buddhist traditions, add depth to his portrayal. The detailed description of the small shrine with its offerings and the monkey temple further immerses the reader in the city's unique charm.

Through these observations, the author not only shares his personal journey but also paints a vivid picture of Kathmandu's sights, sounds, and smells, making the reader feel as if they are walking alongside him.

Question 18:
How does the chapter Kathmandu from Beehive reflect the theme of cultural diversity? Explain with examples from the text.
Answer:

The chapter Kathmandu beautifully showcases the theme of cultural diversity through the author's observations of the city's vibrant and varied traditions. Vikram Seth highlights this by describing the coexistence of Hindu and Buddhist practices in the same space. For instance, he mentions the Pashupatinath Temple, a sacred Hindu site, where rituals like cremation are performed, while nearby, the Boudhanath Stupa represents Buddhist spirituality with its prayer wheels and chanting monks.

Another example is the bustling marketplace, where vendors sell everything from Western cosmetics to traditional Nepalese flutes, reflecting a blend of modern and traditional influences. The author also notes the presence of sadhus (holy men) alongside tourists, further emphasizing the city's multicultural atmosphere.

Through these details, the chapter illustrates how Kathmandu serves as a melting pot of cultures, religions, and lifestyles, making it a perfect example of harmony in diversity.

Question 19:
Describe the author's experience in Kathmandu as mentioned in the chapter Beehive. How does the author portray the cultural and spiritual essence of the city?
Answer:

The author, Vikram Seth, vividly describes his visit to Kathmandu, capturing its vibrant and chaotic atmosphere. He portrays the city as a blend of cultural richness and spiritual significance. The bustling streets, filled with shops selling flutes, postcards, and other items, reflect the city's lively character. The author also highlights the religious diversity, mentioning the Pashupatinath Temple (a sacred Hindu shrine) and the Boudhanath Stupa (a revered Buddhist site).


The spiritual essence is further emphasized through the constant chanting of prayers, the ringing of temple bells, and the presence of devotees. The author contrasts the noisy, crowded streets with moments of serenity, such as the flute seller's peaceful music. This duality showcases Kathmandu as a city where chaos and tranquility coexist, making it a unique cultural and spiritual hub.

Question 20:
In the chapter Kathmandu, how does the author use sensory details to bring the city to life? Provide examples from the text to support your answer.
Answer:

The author employs sensory details to create a vivid picture of Kathmandu, engaging the reader's senses of sight, sound, smell, and touch. For instance:

  • Sight: The colorful markets, the golden roofs of temples, and the marigold garlands sold by vendors.
  • Sound: The constant honking of horns, the chanting of priests at Pashupatinath Temple, and the flute seller's melodious tunes.
  • Smell: The lingering scent of incense from temples and the occasional whiff of street food like samosas and jalebis.
  • Touch: The feel of the uneven, crowded streets and the warmth of the sun on the author's skin.

These details immerse the reader in the experience, making Kathmandu feel alive and dynamic. The author's keen observations help convey the city's energy and cultural depth, leaving a lasting impression.

Case-based Questions (4 Marks) – with Solutions (CBSE Pattern)

These 4-mark case-based questions assess analytical skills through real-life scenarios. Answers must be based on the case study provided.

Question 1:
In Kathmandu, the author describes two contrasting temples. Case Summary: Compare the Pashupatinath Temple and the Baudhnath Stupa based on the author's observations.
Answer:
Case Summary: The Pashupatinath Temple is chaotic with crowds, priests, and animals, while the Baudhnath Stupa is peaceful with Tibetan monks and quiet rituals.
Analysis:
  • Pashupatinath represents Hinduism’s vibrancy, as seen in the noisy atmosphere.
  • Baudhnath reflects Buddhism’s serenity, with devotees circling silently.
Conclusion: Our textbook shows how these temples highlight cultural diversity in Kathmandu.
Question 2:
The author buys a flute in Kathmandu. Case Summary: Explain why the flute becomes a symbol of unity in the lesson.
Answer:
Case Summary: The flute’s universal music connects people across cultures.
Analysis:
  • It is played worldwide, like in India (Krishna’s bansuri) and South America (panpipes).
  • The author feels it transcends language barriers.
Conclusion: We studied how the flute symbolizes harmony, as it appears in many traditions.
Question 3:
Case Summary: The author observes street vendors in Kathmandu. How do they reflect the city’s lively culture?
Answer:
Case Summary: Vendors sell marigolds, postcards, and flutes, creating a bustling atmosphere.
Analysis:
  • Their variety shows Kathmandu’s mix of religious and tourist influences.
  • Example: The flute seller’s music adds to the sensory experience.
Conclusion: Our textbook highlights how small details like vendors bring the city to life.
Question 4:
The author contrasts Kathmandu’s sacred and secular spaces. Case Summary: Give two examples of each from the lesson.
Answer:
Case Summary: Sacred spaces include Pashupatinath and Baudhnath, while secular ones are streets and markets.
Analysis:
  • Sacred: Rituals at temples show devotion.
  • Secular: Crowded lanes with shops and food stalls.
Conclusion: We studied how the author balances spiritual and everyday life in Kathmandu.
Question 5:
The author buys a flute in Kathmandu. Case Summary: Explain why the flute becomes symbolic in the lesson.
Answer:
Case Summary: The flute represents universal music and simplicity.
Analysis:
  • It connects cultures (like Krishna’s flute in Hinduism).
  • Its sound is natural, unlike modern noise.
Conclusion: The flute symbolizes harmony, as studied in our textbook, showing how small things can hold deep meaning.
Question 6:
Case Summary: How does the author describe the streets of Kathmandu? Analyze his observations.
Answer:
Case Summary: The streets are crowded, colorful, and full of sensory details.
Analysis:
  • Smells: Incense, marigolds, and garbage.
  • Sights: Shops, hawkers, and sacred cows.
Conclusion: The author paints a vivid picture, showing Kathmandu as lively yet overwhelming, similar to our textbook’s description of bustling markets.
Question 7:
Case Summary: The author feels homesick in Kathmandu. Analyze two reasons for this emotion.
Answer:
Case Summary: The author misses home due to the city’s chaos and his travels.
Analysis:
  • He longs for quiet after noisy temples.
  • Being away for long makes him nostalgic.
Conclusion: Homesickness, as we studied, arises from contrast and distance, shown here through his reflections.
Question 8:
In Kathmandu, the author describes the Pashupatinath Temple and Boudhanath Stupa. How do these two places reflect the cultural diversity of Nepal?
Answer:
Case Summary

We studied how the Pashupatinath Temple represents Hindu traditions, while the Boudhanath Stupa symbolizes Buddhist practices.

Analysis
  • The temple has rituals like offerings and bells, showing Hindu devotion.
  • The stupa has prayer flags and monks, reflecting Buddhist peace.
Conclusion

Our textbook shows Nepal's unity in diversity through these sacred sites.

Question 9:
The author mentions flute sellers and street vendors in Kathmandu. How do these elements add to the city's lively atmosphere?
Answer:
Case Summary

We observed how flute sellers and street vendors create a vibrant scene in Kathmandu.

Analysis
  • Flute music attracts crowds, adding charm.
  • Vendors sell spices and souvenirs, showing local culture.
Conclusion

Our textbook highlights how these small details make Kathmandu lively and unique.

Question 10:
Why does the author compare the Pashupatinath Temple with the Boudhanath Stupa? What differences does he notice?
Answer:
Case Summary

The author contrasts the Pashupatinath Temple (Hindu) and Boudhanath Stupa (Buddhist) to show diversity.

Analysis
  • Pashupatinath is noisy with rituals; Boudhanath is calm with prayers.
  • Hinduism focuses on gods; Buddhism on meditation.
Conclusion

Our textbook explains how both sites coexist, reflecting Nepal's harmony.

Question 11:
How does the author's description of the Bagmati River near Pashupatinath Temple highlight environmental concerns?
Answer:
Case Summary

We read about the Bagmati River being polluted near the temple.

Analysis
  • Rituals like cremation add waste to the river.
  • Littering by devotees worsens pollution.
Conclusion

Our textbook shows how religious practices sometimes harm nature, urging awareness.

Question 12:
Read the following extract from Kathmandu and answer the question that follows:

'The bus moves through the crowded streets of Kathmandu. The author observes the fluteseller, who does not shout to attract customers.'

Q. Why does the author find the fluteseller's behavior significant? How does it reflect the cultural ethos of Kathmandu as described in the chapter?
Answer:

The author finds the fluteseller's behavior significant because it contrasts with the typical noisy and aggressive street vendors commonly seen in cities. The fluteseller's calm and passive approach highlights a sense of tranquility and artistic dignity, which stands out in the chaotic environment of Kathmandu.


This behavior reflects the cultural ethos of Kathmandu as a place where tradition and modernity coexist. The chapter portrays Kathmandu as a city with deep-rooted cultural practices, where even in bustling markets, there is space for artistic subtlety and patience. The fluteseller embodies this blend, representing the unhurried and spiritual side of Nepalese culture amidst urban chaos.

Question 13:
In the chapter Kathmandu, the author describes various sounds and sights of the city.

Q. How do these sensory details contribute to the reader's understanding of Kathmandu's atmosphere? Support your answer with two examples from the text.
Answer:

The sensory details in the chapter help the reader visualize and experience Kathmandu's vibrant and chaotic atmosphere. These details create a vivid imagery of the city's unique blend of culture, religion, and daily life.


  • Example 1: The description of 'bells ringing in the temples' and 'chanting of priests' highlights the spiritual and religious fervor of Kathmandu, showing how deeply rooted these practices are in the city's identity.

  • Example 2: The mention of 'the noise of the traffic' and 'the cries of vendors' contrasts with the serene sounds of the fluteseller, emphasizing the city's chaotic yet harmonious nature. This juxtaposition helps the reader understand the dynamic and multifaceted character of Kathmandu.
Question 14:
In the chapter Kathmandu, the author describes the city as a blend of chaos and serenity. Based on the text, explain how the author portrays this contrast with examples.
Answer:

The author, Vikram Seth, beautifully captures the dual nature of Kathmandu by contrasting its chaotic and serene elements.

Chaos: He describes the bustling streets filled with vendors, honking vehicles, and crowds, creating a sense of overwhelming energy. The flute seller and the noisy bazaars add to this lively atmosphere.

Serenity: In contrast, the author highlights the peaceful Pashupatinath Temple and the Boudhanath Stupa, where devotees meditate quietly. The Bagmati River, despite its pollution, also symbolizes calmness.

This duality reflects Kathmandu's unique cultural and spiritual identity, where chaos and tranquility coexist.

Question 15:
The chapter Kathmandu mentions the flute seller as a significant figure. Analyze how the flute seller symbolizes the essence of the city and its people.
Answer:

The flute seller in Kathmandu represents the city's soul through his simplicity and artistry.

Symbolism:

  • His bamboo flutes reflect Kathmandu's traditional craftsmanship.
  • His calm demeanor amidst chaos mirrors the city's ability to balance noise and peace.
  • The music he creates symbolizes the cultural richness of Nepal.


Connection to the City: Like Kathmandu, the flute seller blends tradition and modernity, as he sells handmade flutes in a bustling market. His presence reminds us of the city's enduring spirit and artistic heritage.

Question 16:
In the chapter Kathmandu, the author describes the bustling streets of the city. How does the author use sensory details to create a vivid picture of Kathmandu? Support your answer with examples from the text.
Answer:

The author uses sensory details to bring the city of Kathmandu to life, making the reader feel as if they are experiencing it firsthand. Here’s how:

  • Sight: The author describes the colorful and chaotic streets, mentioning the fluttering prayer flags and the crowded marketplaces filled with vendors.
  • Sound: The noise of the city is highlighted through the blaring horns, the chanting of priests, and the constant hum of activity.
  • Smell: The author mentions the mingling scents of incense, spices, and street food, creating a rich olfactory experience.
  • Touch: The crowded lanes and the jostling of people give a sense of the physical atmosphere.

These details help the reader visualize and immerse themselves in the vibrant and chaotic energy of Kathmandu.

Question 17:
The author visits the Pashupatinath Temple and the Baudhnath Stupa in Kathmandu. Compare and contrast the atmosphere and significance of these two religious places as described in the chapter.
Answer:

The Pashupatinath Temple and Baudhnath Stupa are both important religious sites in Kathmandu, but they have distinct atmospheres and significance:

  • Pashupatinath Temple: This Hindu temple is described as chaotic and lively, with crowds of devotees, priests, and even monkeys. The author notes the smoke from funeral pyres and the sounds of rituals, creating a sense of raw spirituality and mortality.
  • Baudhnath Stupa: In contrast, this Buddhist shrine is portrayed as peaceful and serene. The author highlights the quiet hum of prayers, the circumambulating devotees, and the soothing white dome, which radiates tranquility.

While both places are sacred, Pashupatinath represents the dynamic and intense side of religion, whereas Baudhnath reflects meditation and calm. This contrast shows the diversity of spiritual experiences in Kathmandu.

Question 18:
Read the following excerpt from Kathmandu and answer the question that follows:

'The flute seller does not shout out his wares. He makes a sale in a curiously offhanded way as if this were incidental to his enterprise.'

What does the author's observation about the flute seller reveal about the cultural values of Kathmandu?
Answer:

The author's observation highlights the laid-back and unhurried cultural values of Kathmandu. Unlike aggressive sales tactics seen in many cities, the flute seller's approach reflects a deeper appreciation for artistry and patience in daily life.

The phrase 'curiously offhanded way' suggests that the seller prioritizes the artistic essence of his flutes over commercial gain. This mirrors the broader Nepali culture, where spirituality and tradition often take precedence over materialism.

Additionally, the description implies a respect for silence and subtlety, as the flute seller avoids loud advertising, aligning with Kathmandu's serene and reflective atmosphere.

Question 19:
In Kathmandu, the author describes the 'marigold offerings' and 'cremation grounds' near the Pashupatinath temple. How do these details contribute to the overall atmosphere of the chapter?
Answer:

The mention of marigold offerings and cremation grounds creates a contrasting yet harmonious atmosphere in the chapter.

  • The marigold offerings symbolize devotion, vibrancy, and life, reflecting the spiritual fervor of Kathmandu's people.
  • The cremation grounds, on the other hand, introduce themes of mortality and impermanence, grounding the narrative in the cycle of life and death.


Together, these elements paint Kathmandu as a city where religion, daily life, and death coexist seamlessly. The author uses these details to evoke a sense of deep cultural rootedness and the interconnectedness of human experiences, which is central to the chapter's mood.

Question 20:
The author in Kathmandu contrasts the chaos of the city with moments of peace. Identify one such instance from the text and explain how this contrast enhances the reader's understanding of the place.
Answer:

One striking contrast is between the chaotic market and the peaceful Bagmati River. While the market is described as 'noisy' and 'crowded,' the river offers a serene escape with its 'gentle flow' and 'quiet rituals.' This contrast highlights the dual nature of Kathmandu—vibrant yet spiritual. It helps the reader understand how the city balances modernity with tradition, making it a unique and multifaceted place.

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