CBSE Class 12 History – Mahatma Gandhi and the Nationalist Movement

Chapter Overview

This chapter covers Mahatma Gandhi’s return to India in 1915 and his emergence as a leader who transformed the nationalist movement through non‑violent activism, civil disobedience, mass mobilization, symbolic actions like the charkha and Dandi March, and social reforms—culminating in independence in 1947. :contentReference[oaicite:0]{index=0}

Important Keywords

• Satyagraha: Non‑violent resistance or “truth force”. :contentReference[oaicite:1]{index=1}
• Champaran & Kheda Satyagraha: First peasant satyagrahas, 1917–18. :contentReference[oaicite:2]{index=2}
• Non‑Cooperation Movement: Nationwide boycott, 1920–22, ended after Chauri‑Chaura. :contentReference[oaicite:3]{index=3}
• Civil Disobedience Movement: Salt March & pledges, 1930–34. :contentReference[oaicite:4]{index=4}
• Quit India Movement: “Do or Die” mass revolt launched 1942. :contentReference[oaicite:5]{index=5}
• Khadi & Charkha: Symbolic of swadeshi and self‑reliance. :contentReference[oaicite:6]{index=6}
• Rowlatt Act & Jallianwala Bagh: 1919 repression that galvanized Gandhi. :contentReference[oaicite:7]{index=7}