CBSE Class 12 History – Rebels and the Raj

Chapter Overview

This chapter investigates the 1857 Revolt, also called the First War of Independence. It examines its onset among sepoys, spread across north India, the varied participation by peasants, zamindars, and rulers, the nature of rebel governance, British repression, and its representations in literature and art. Sources include eyewitness statements, proclamations and colonial records. :contentReference[oaicite:1]{index=1}

Important Keywords

• Mutiny vs Revolt: Mutiny is sepoy-led, revolt includes widespread civilian participation. :contentReference[oaicite:2]{index=2}
• Bell of Arms: Armoury seized by sepoys in the initial uprising. :contentReference[oaicite:3]{index=3}
• Doctrine of Lapse: Annexation policy contributing to widespread discontent. :contentReference[oaicite:4]{index=4}
• Proclamations: Calls in Hindi/Urdu/Persian to unite Hindus and Muslims. :contentReference[oaicite:5]{index=5}
• Rebel Governance: Short-lived administration set up in Delhi, Lucknow, Kanpur. :contentReference[oaicite:6]{index=6}
• Repression: Harsh British retaliation; banishments, executions. :contentReference[oaicite:7]{index=7}