Chapter Overview
The chapter 'Solid State' deals with the physical and structural properties of solids. It explains how particles are arranged in crystalline and amorphous solids, types of unit cells, packing efficiency, and types of voids. The chapter also discusses imperfections in solids and their effect on properties. It introduces electrical and magnetic properties of solids, providing foundational knowledge useful for material science and electronics.
Important Keywords
- Crystalline Solids: Solids with a definite and ordered arrangement of constituent particles.
- Amorphous Solids: Solids with irregular or short-range order in particle arrangement.
- Unit Cell: The smallest repeating unit in the crystal lattice.
- Bravais Lattices: Fourteen possible 3D arrangements of unit cells in crystals.
- Packing Efficiency: Percentage of total space occupied by particles in a unit cell.
- Coordination Number: Number of nearest neighbors surrounding a particle in a structure.
- Point Defects: Irregularities involving one or two atoms in a crystal (vacancy, interstitial, Frenkel, Schottky).
- Density of Unit Cell: Mass/Volume of a unit cell derived using unit cell edge length and molar mass.
- Electrical Conductivity: Ability of solids (like metals and semiconductors) to conduct electricity.
- Magnetic Properties: Classification of solids into diamagnetic, paramagnetic, ferromagnetic, etc., based on magnetic behavior.
Detailed Notes
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