CBSE Class 12 Chemistry – Amines

Chapter Overview

This chapter introduces amines, a class of nitrogen-containing organic compounds. It covers their structure, classification into primary, secondary, and tertiary types, and various methods of preparation. The chapter also explains the physical and chemical properties of amines, including their basicity, reactions with acids, acylation, and diazotization. It concludes with the importance of amines in biological systems and their industrial applications.

Important Keywords

• Amine: Organic compounds derived from ammonia by replacement of one or more hydrogen atoms with alkyl or aryl groups.
• Primary Amine (1°): One alkyl or aryl group attached to nitrogen.
• Secondary Amine (2°): Two alkyl or aryl groups attached to nitrogen.
• Tertiary Amine (3°): Three alkyl or aryl groups attached to nitrogen.
• Aromatic Amine: Amines where the nitrogen is directly attached to an aromatic ring (e.g., aniline).
• Aliphatic Amine: Amines in which nitrogen is attached to alkyl chains.
• Basicity: Ability of an amine to accept a proton (H⁺).
• Acylation: Replacement of a hydrogen atom by an acyl group (RCO–).
• Diazotization: Conversion of primary aromatic amine into a diazonium salt using nitrous acid.
• Gabriel Phthalimide Synthesis: A method to prepare primary amines from phthalimide.