Chapter Overview
This chapter examines the emergence of sixteen Mahajanapadas, the rise of the Magadha state leading to the Mauryan empire, and the expansion of kingdoms in southern India. It looks into agricultural innovations, land ownership changes, early towns, trade networks, and social transformation between c.600 BCE–600 CE. :contentReference[oaicite:1]{index=1}
Important Keywords
- Mahajanapada: Sixteen large states circa 6th century BCE.
- Mahapadma Nanda: First ruler of Magadha imperial dynasty.
- Mauryan Empire: Established by Chandragupta Maurya (~321 BCE).
- Dhamma Mahamatta: Officers appointed by Ashoka to spread dhamma.
- Gahapati: Wealthy landowner in rural society.
- Punch-marked coin: Early Indian silver/copper currency starting c.6th century BCE.
- Shreni (guild): Organization of craft producers and merchants.
Detailed Notes
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