CBSE Class 12 Chemistry – The p-Block Elements

Chapter Overview

The chapter ‘The p-Block Elements’ in Class 12 Chemistry delves into the properties, trends, and reactions of elements from Group 15 to Group 18. It focuses on the variation in properties across periods and down the groups, with emphasis on nitrogen and phosphorus compounds, oxides of sulfur, halogens, noble gases, and their applications. The chapter also includes anomalous behavior of the first elements in each group and explains bonding and structure of important compounds.

Important Keywords

• Allotropy: Existence of an element in more than one form (e.g., white and red phosphorus).
• Oxoacids: Acids containing oxygen (e.g., HNO₃, H₂SO₄).
• Interhalogen Compounds: Compounds formed between two different halogens (e.g., ClF₃).
• Disproportionation: Redox reaction where the same element is oxidized and reduced.
• Electron Deficiency: Molecule with fewer electrons than needed for bonding (e.g., ClF₃).
• Noble Gases: Inert elements in Group 18 with complete octet (e.g., He, Ne, Ar).
• Ozone (O₃): Triatomic molecule of oxygen with oxidizing properties.
• Halogenation: Substitution of hydrogen by halogen in a compound.