Chapter Overview
This chapter examines how different societies attempted to modernize in response to internal challenges and external pressures. It particularly focuses on the contrasting paths taken by China and Japan during the 19th and 20th centuries. While both faced the threat of Western imperialism, their approaches to modernization and reform varied significantly.
Important Keywords
- Modernization: The process of adopting modern ways of life, governance, economy, and technology.
- Meiji Restoration: A period in Japan (1868) that marked the beginning of its transformation into a modern industrial nation.
- Self-Strengthening Movement: A reform initiative in China aimed at modernizing its military and industry.
- Westernization: Adoption of Western ideas, culture, and technologies.
- Imperialism: Policy of extending a country's power and influence through colonization or military force.
Detailed Notes
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