CBSE Class 11 Geography – Life on Earth

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Study Materials

11th

11th - Geography

Life on Earth

Chapter Overview

This chapter examines life on Earth through ecological lenses—distributions of plants and animals, ecosystem structures, food chains/webs, ecological pyramids, biodiversity hotspots, and effects of human activities on natural systems.

Important Keywords

  • Ecosystem: Community of living organisms interacting with physical environment.
  • Biome: Large natural ecological community (e.g., tropical rainforest).
  • Producers/Consumers/Decomposers: Trophic levels in energy transfer.
  • Food chain & web: Linear and networked feeding connections.
  • Ecological pyramids: Represent trophic energy, biomass, and numbers.
  • Biodiversity: Variety of life (genetic, species, ecosystem levels).
  • Endemism: Species unique to a specific place.
  • Hotspot: Biogeographic region with high biodiversity under threat.
  • Habitat fragmentation: Splitting habitats into smaller, isolated patches.
  • Invasive species: Non-native organisms impacting native ecosystems.

Detailed Notes

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