Chapter Overview
This chapter introduces biodiversity at genetic, species, and ecosystem levels; examines its uneven global distribution, especially biodiversity hotspots; analyzes threats like habitat loss, pollution, climate change, invasive species; and evaluates conservation strategies including in situ and ex situ approaches, biosphere reserves, Protected Areas, and international treaties such as the Kunming‑Montreal Framework.
Important Keywords
- Biodiversity: Diversity of life across genes, species, ecosystems :contentReference[oaicite:0]{index=0}.
- Endemic Species: Species found uniquely in certain regions (e.g., Western Ghats) :contentReference[oaicite:1]{index=1}.
- Biodiversity Hotspot: Rich, threatened areas meeting strict criteria :contentReference[oaicite:2]{index=2}.
- In situ Conservation: Strategy of protecting species within their natural habitats.
- Ex situ Conservation: Protection through zoos, seed banks, botanical gardens.
- Protected Areas: Geographically defined zones like National Parks and Biosphere Reserves.
- Kunming‑Montreal Framework: Global agreement targeting 30×30 conservation goals by 2030 :contentReference[oaicite:3]{index=3}.
Detailed Notes
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